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Financial Resolutions: Debt, Savings, Investing, Real Estate, and Crypto

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The new year is right around the corner so I thought it fitting to layout some resolutions for a few different financial topics. Here are financial resolutions for crypto, investing, real estate, savings, and debt.

Debt

Pay down or pay off your debt. If you have credit card debt, make it a goal for next year to pay it off completely. The interest rates that credit card companies charge are so brutal. Getting rid of credit card debt would relieve a lot of stress and save you a lot of money that you’re wasting on interest. Not to mention, whatever you’re currently paying towards your credit card can be used for something way more productive.

If all you have is a mortgage, make extra payments. If you have no debt, congratulations! Try and save more so there’s no chance of you going into debt again.

Savings

Would you like to buy a house next year? Save for your down payment. The bigger your down payment is the smaller your responsibility will be; in terms of monthly payments and in terms of total money owed. Especially if your down payment is 20% or more. If that’s the case, you don’t have to pay mortgage insurance (AKA PMI).

If a down payment isn’t something you need to save for, increase your savings rate for retirement. Or set yourself up to cover some unexpected expenses by creating an emergency fund. Do some math, establish a goal number (emergencies, down payment, retirement savings), and then create a plan to save and hit that number.

Investing

For the most part, investing will take place in your retirement account. And for most people, the amount of time you have until retirement is a couple of decades. With that said, you can be a little more aggressive with your investments.

If this description doesn’t fit you, then figure out what works for you. Determine your time horizon, risk tolerance, and what you’d be able to tolerate in terms of short-term losses. If you’d like to get a good idea about what your preference is, take our risk tolerance quiz.

Real Estate

This one is a little challenging because it’s not like you’re going to move once per year. Also, investing in real estate isn’t for everyone. So I’m going to try and hit a few groups with this one.

Buy a new home. If you need more space for your growing family, you got a new job that requires relocation, you want to be closer to your church or family members, then make a move.

Make improvements to your current home to increase the value of your home or to make better use of the space. It can also improve tax credits especially if you use sustainable materials like solar panels. Either way, the improvement has a positive effect on your living situation.

Most people can invest in real estate, they just do it differently. Some people are going to invest in physical properties and some can invest in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT). Either way, you need to be picky (like all investments) so you get a good return on your money.

Crypto

This applies to everything in this post, but especially here…do your homework. I like crypto. I think there are investment opportunities, but I also think there’s a possibility it all collapses. I like the technology it’s created on, but I don’t know how it’ll transform and what the adoptability will be. Invest only what you can afford to lose is my best advice. With all that said, make financial resolutions to get more educated about cryptocurrencies and the blockchain.

Related reading:

8 Ways to Improve Your Retirement Savings in 2018

Diving Deep into Debt

Worthy Goals to Set and Crush

How to Invest in Cryptocurrency: A Guide for Beginners

Relocating Without A Job? Here Are 10 Tips

Disclaimer:

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

How to Prep your Finances Before you Quit your Job

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There are a lot of jobs open right now. Maybe you’re not particularly happy in your current role so you’re looking for other opportunities. Before you leave, you need to make sure you have your affairs in order. Here’s how to prep your finances before you quit your job.

Some things to make note of first.

Plan Ahead

If you want to quit, but don’t have anything lined up yet, get that process started ASAP. There may be a plethora of jobs available right now, but that doesn’t mean you’re going to get one right away.

Ideally, you’ll have an accepted job offer before you quit your current job, but that won’t apply to everyone.

You could be leaving a hostile work environment, you could have a bad work/life balance, or you’d like to explore different opportunities.

That’s why you must do your best to always be prepared because you never know what is going to happen. You can’t predict the future.

Before you quit your job, here’s what you have to do.

Have Money Saved

Make sure you have money saved. You truly don’t know how long it’s going to take to find another job. That’s why I say you should have one lined up before you quit your current job. That’s also why the common advice is to have 3-6 months of living expenses saved in case you lose your job.

It’s also important to see what’s out there. As I mentioned in the beginning, there are a lot of jobs available, but that doesn’t mean you’re going to find a better one. Do your research.

Prep Your Finances

If you want to be able to have less liquid money available, work on your expenses. Cut down where you can. If you’re servicing debt, get it paid off so you don’t have that liability sitting out there. If you don’t have any liabilities, you remove the chance that you’ll miss a payment (which is bad for your credit score). Your credit score is important in today’s economy, especially when looking for a job.

Back-Up Plan

Whether you are exploring a different field entirely or looking for a better role in your current industry, it’s a good idea to have something to fall back on. Even with a record number of job offerings, the job market is still unpredictable. Make sure you have a contingency job picked out that matches your skillset and expertise just in case the role you’re pursuing doesn’t work out.

Make Money in the Meantime

Learn how to make money…quickly. If the job hunt is taking longer than you expected, find a way to supplement the income you lost. There are several ways to hustle your way into a wage nowadays. Uber, Lyft, Instacart, UpWork, Fiverr, and more. There are plenty of companies that’ll hire you as a contractor. If you’re making money, that could enable you to be very picky on the job you take.

Health Insurance

Last thing. Don’t forget about healthcare costs. If you get benefits from your current job, figure out how/if you’re going to get health insurance while you are out of work. Short-term plans might meet a need if you’re just looking for disaster coverage, but if you’re someone that requires ongoing medical care, there’s probably something else that’ll meet your needs better.

Prep your finances BEFORE you make a move.

Related reading:

Can an Employer Charge you Fees to Turn Over your 401(k) After you Quit your Job?

Why Financial Literacy is Important

Everything you Need to Know to Set Up Your Emergency Fund

Disclaimer:

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

Here Is What To Do If You Have Debt In Arrears

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This article is a response to a reader’s question about paying off debt on an irregular income. They write:

Can you advise me how to manage to settle my absa loan & credit card because they are in arrears

At my work I earn with commission , sometimes I didn’t earn.

Here is my answer:

Being in debt is a challenge. It takes away money you could use for more productive things. It’s even more difficult when you’ve missed payments and your debt is now in collections. If that’s you, here are some tips to help you settle your debt that’s in arrears.

Pay down debt

Utilize some debt repayment strategies.

Debt snowball – pay your smallest balance first while making minimum payments to your other debts. When you pay off your smallest balance, move on to the next smallest balance. As you get rid of debts, you’ll be able to make larger payments to the following debt.

Debt avalanche – pay your highest interest rate first. Similar strategy as the “snowball”. Once your highest interest rate debt is eliminated, pay as much as you can towards the debt with the next highest interest rate.

Use retirement funds to pay off your debt. You’ll likely, depending on your age, pay a 10% tax penalty, however (if you’re under 59 1/2). Do you have any cash accumulated in a whole life insurance policy? Use that cash value to pay off your debts

Negotiate

How much, in terms of dollars, can you pay to your creditors as a settlement? Figure out what that number is before you start contacting creditors.

It may take a couple of phone calls, so don’t get discouraged. If you don’t like what you’re hearing from the representative you’re talking to, try and get a hold of a different one. Remember the dollar amount you can pay and don’t go over that amount. If you can pay 50% of what you owe, start with an offer to pay 30%. The creditor will counteroffer and hopefully, the agreed amount is 50% or lower.

Make sure you’re clearly communicating the financial hardship you’re experiencing that put you behind on your debts. Getting sympathy from a representative could help you! Get any settlement or repayment plan in writing as soon as possible.

Make sure you’re speaking to your creditors, not collections agencies. Collections agencies will take a settlement amount and sell whatever is left to another agency. Before you’ll know it, they’ll be after you again. Speak to the creditor you initially owed. Also, be prepared to pay taxes on the forgiven amount.

Bankruptcy

Nobody likes to think about it and it would be a very difficult decision, but it might be one to strongly consider if you want to settle your debt.

If you don’t have luck with negotiations, you might have to consider bankruptcy. There are generally two options – Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 clears all of your debts. Chapter 13 is more of a reorganization.

Check credit reports

Clarify with the credit reporting agencies how things were settled. Clean up the report and it could help your score a little. Late payments and charge-offs stay on your credit report for 7 years. Debts in collections stay on your credit report for 180 days.

Debt settlement is about commitment. There are penalties if you miss ONE payment of your agreed-upon settlement, so don’t miss!

One more thing. Know your rights. There are several things collectors can’t do:

  • They can’t threaten you
  • They can’t shame you
  • They can’t force you to repay your debt
  • They can’t falsify their identity to trick you
  • They can’t harass you

It’s a tough road, but getting out of debt is paramount for your psyche and your financial success. Utilize strategies to pay down debt. Speak with your creditors about negotiating. If negotiation doesn’t work, consider bankruptcy. Once you settle your debt, review your credit report and dispute errors.

Related reading:

What you need to know about bankruptcy

Diving deep into debt

How to improve your finances on a low income

What to do about debt collectors

Disclaimer:

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

Economic Pressures

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There’s a lot of movement in the economy. Several different news threads and innovations have the ability to change the direction and velocity in which our economy moves. In today’s newsletter, we’re going to talk about some of those economic pressures, what they entail, and what they mean for our economy.

Taxing corporations and the wealthy

A news story recently came out about taxes. More specifically, this news shed light on how the wealthy manipulate the tax code in their favor.

I think the information shared in this story was well known already, or assumed rather, but served as a confirmation. A large number of wealthy individuals aren’t “paying their fair share” in taxes.

This will only add fuel to the fire. The fire I’m talking about is the tax overhaul in the tax code. The Biden administration has said that they want to increase taxes on corporations and wealthy individuals/families.

If they’re successful, it would mean more tax revenue for the federal government, which is a good thing. Is there a chance that the increase in taxes creates a disincentive for those corporations and wealthy individuals?

Perhaps, but I don’t think it’s very likely, broadly speaking. I have only one reason…those corporations and individuals are good at making money, and I believe that will continue.

Government spending

As I said, the change in the tax code will generate more income for the federal government. You may be thinking, “Great! We can reduce the national debt!”

I think that’s very unlikely. That may sound skeptical, and it probably is on some level, but both parties are spenders now. It doesn’t matter if it’s a Republican or a Democrat in the White House, they’re both going to print money to push forward their agenda.

Borrowing costs

I’ve talked about inflation a lot lately, and I promise I’ll tone down after I make this point, but I haven’t explained why runaway inflation is a bad thing.

Now don’t get me wrong, there are advantages (i.e. increased rates on savings accounts), but the disadvantage is higher prices. Households can run into trouble because they can’t afford necessities anymore.

The larger problem, however, is the cost of borrowing. Over the last, almost 15 years, rates have been low. And they’ve stayed low, other than an attempt to increase in 2018.

People and corporations borrowed a lot of money. Some bought things they didn’t need. Others to increase research, development, and innovation. Some people used record amounts of leverage to take part in the wild stock market (as of late).

With that said, the cost of borrowing will go up and the cost to service that debt will go up. The higher rates go, the more money that will be needed to pay for/down the debt. When that happens, less money will be spent on “productive” things.

That can slow growth and negatively impact the economy. That’s why central banks reduce rates in times of negative or low economic growth. It reduces borrowing costs and incentivizes people and companies to spend money instead of saving it.

Labor

The last thing I’ll say that has the ability to tie into the last point is the current labor shortage. There are more jobs available right now than people to take those jobs.

Small businesses, in particular, find it especially difficult to fill vacancies. Couple a labor shortage with a strong push from workers, unions, and government bodies to increase wages, and you get wage inflation.

When wage inflation becomes more prevalent, price inflation (CPI) becomes more likely. If companies have to pay their employees more, they need to account for that increased expenditure somehow. They turn to increase the prices of their products and/or services.

Demand is unlikely to suffer because of higher wages. People are making more money, so they should be able to afford higher prices, right?

Conclusion

If you read back some of my other posts, you’ll see I’m optimistic in select areas of the market, and I’ll stay optimistic in those areas no matter what type of economic pressures the country faces.

With all that I said, I believe there are enough economic pressures to cause a decline in the market and the economy, but there’s no telling when that’ll actually happen.

Related reading:

Employment, Stimulus, Rising Prices

Inflation, Gold, Semiconductors

Why Financial Literacy is Important

Disclaimer

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

The Best, Low Maintenance Way to Invest 30K

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If you’ve been building your savings to start investing and you’ve managed to put aside $30K, you may be wondering what your next step should be. How do I invest 30k? What is the best, low maintenance approach?

Here are some great ways to apply that 30K towards growing your wealth.

Pay Off Debt

First and foremost, use some of the money to pay off any debt you may have. It will save you money in the long-run. If you’re carrying a $10K credit card balance with a 15% interest fee, you’ll be paying an extra $1500/year in interest. That’s money that can be better spent on investments down the road. If you want to invest 30k, first start by getting rid of debt.

Emergency Fund

If you don’t already have one, put some of your money aside in an emergency fund so you know you’ll be able to manage if something unexpected happens. You should have 3-6 months’ worth of expenses put aside in an easily accessible account like a savings account. Just make sure it’s not linked to your debit card so you can’t spend it. The period of time you need to cover varies based on how long you think it would take you to find another job should something happen to your current job.

Earning return

What’s next has all to do with three things: risk tolerance, time horizon, and investment objectives. As a matter of fact, that’s how all of your investment decisions are made.

There are several different vehicles you can utilize, so what I’m going to do is give each vehicle its own section, explain what it is, and then give a little more detail as to when it could be used.

Certificate of Deposit (CD)

A bank product with a specified interest rate and a specified maturity. CDs are used to hold money for a specified period of time in a virtually risk-free fashion. More about CDs.

You’ll choose a CD for two reasons. The first is if you want a safe, federally insured vehicle to stash away some cash. The other reason is if you do not want to touch that money for a specified period. For example, you’re going to buy a house in three years and you don’t want to jeopardize that down payment. You buy/invest in a 3 year CD. At the end of year three, you’ll get back your principal (what you put in) and some accrued interest. Early withdrawal penalties apply.

Savings/Money Market Accounts

Typically used for your emergency fund. Easily accessible, and able to earn a little interest.

That’s pretty much it when it comes to these accounts. The interest they offer will be (not always) pretty low, but, like the CD, it offers a very safe place to store your cash until you need it. Unlike the CD, however, there are no early withdrawal penalties.

Qualified accounts

Basically any retirement account. Traditional IRA, Roth IRA, and employer-sponsored plans (401k, Simple IRA, etc.). There are contribution limits associated with these accounts.

With these accounts, as I said, contribution limits are something to pay attention to. With your Traditional and Roth IRA, there’s a $6,000 contribution limit ($7,000 if you’re 50 and older). 401ks have a limit of $19,500 (25,500 for 50 and older). Simple IRA limit is $13,500 ($16,500 for 50 and older).

This is a long term investment solution, as early withdrawal penalties apply. There are several ways to “exempt” yourself from that penalty, however, such as a first home purchase. For an extensive list of these exemptions, click here.

These accounts are also called “tax-advantaged” accounts because, as the name suggests, there are tax advantages. You either lower your taxable income with your contributions or have the ability to withdraw the funds “tax-free” (barring an early withdrawal penalty, of course).

Non-Qualified Accounts

Brokerage accounts or any investment vehicle that doesn’t have any tax benefits. Meaning, you pay taxes on any capital gains and dividends you receive. No contribution limits.

Honestly, the only advantage to these accounts is there is no contribution limit. For example, if you’ve maxed your contribution for your employer-sponsored plan and your IRA, then you can dump the rest of your money here.

Health Savings Account (HSA)

Accounts specifically designed to help you with your medical expenses. Money that you contribute to this account is “tax-free” or “tax-deductible”, which means it lowers your taxable income. Also, the funds, if used for qualified medical expenses, are tax-free.

With some, not all HSAs, you can invest what you’ve contributed. So if you have 30k to invest, I’ll point you to the below section to help with that. There are contribution limits with the HSA, however, so keep that in mind.

Asset allocation

After you’ve selected an investment vehicle (this section does not apply to CDs, savings accounts, or money market accounts), it’s time to invest your capital.

Asset allocation is my preferred method to invest, and I’ve written extensively on it here. So if you want to invest 30k, here’s what you need to ask yourself. How long until I need these funds? What is my ultimate goal for these funds? What am I willing to lose?

If your time period is less than 5 years, ignore this section and stick your money in a savings account or a CD. The risk/reward is unfavorable in this scenario.

If you have, ideally, 10+ years, then you have some options. The next question is about risk tolerance. What kind of portfolio are you comfortable with? Using the stocks/bonds/cash breakdown, are you a 60/40/0 type of person? Maybe you’re quite tolerant and prefer an 80/20/0 approach.

For those of you that are not tolerant of risk and/or you have a shorter number of years until you need to access these funds. Your portfolio should start at 50/50/0, and then adjust as you see fit. The cash portion in this breakdown should be used as investable cash for when you see a buying opportunity and/or funds you’ll need access to in the near future (unriskable capital).

Risk Tolerance

If you really want to know what your unique risk tolerance is, take our quiz!

I know I didn’t really give a concrete answer to what’s posed in the headline, but that’s the thing about investing – it’s incredibly personal. You need to do what’s best for you.

If time is on your side, max your retirement contribution, then put the rest in a savings account until next year. At that time, max it again.

If time isn’t your friend, a CD isn’t a bad idea. As I said earlier, paying down/off debt is incredibly worth it. That’s an automatic 15% return on your money if you pay off your credit card. Money that can be used more effectively going forward.

Read our articles, ask for advice, and do what’s best for you. That’ll help you answer the question: how do you invest 30k?

 

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

What Happens if Debt Is Sold to a Collection Agency?

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When debt is sold to a collection agency, it’s incredibly common to get upset and/or worried. Odds are, you’ll start getting calls, emails, and text messages about you paying what’s owed.

In today’s post, we’ll discuss what leads to debt going to collections, what to do, what the collections agency can do, and what happens to your credit.

Why does debt go to collections?

Debt goes into collections when you’re behind a certain period of time (usually 30+ days) on your payment.

The lender will either use their own debt collectors or hire a third party to collect. What might also happen is your debt is sold to a collection agency, where they buy the debt from the lender (at a reduced amount than what you actually owe) and then attempt to collect on that amount.

Mortgages

With regard to mortgages, there are certain time periods to keep in mind:

  • 1 – 15 days – Typical grace period. Your payment must be paid in this period.
  • 16 30 days – You’ll start getting reminders, and you’ll likely pay a small late fee. No damage to your credit.
  • 31 – 59 days – Reminder calls and letters will increase. Your credit will reflect your current late status and your credit score will fall.
  • 60 – 90 days – The reminder calls and letters will stop. Someone from your lender will come to your house.

Read more on this subject, here.

What to do when your debt is sold to a collection agency

Don’t ignore it. The best thing you can do is get ahead of it. Gather information about the debt in question. Have them send it to you in writing.

Contact the creditor. Dispute it if you believe there are inaccuracies, or if it’s just not your debt. If it is your debt and everything is accurate, try to negotiate with the lender – they prefer to receive some of what you owe!

If the collection agency is harassing you, submit a request in writing for them to stop.

What if you’re at your wit’s end and don’t know what to do? Hire an attorney. All correspondence, going forward, has to go through them. If anything, get a consultation from an attorney (which is often offered for free) and see what they recommend.

What can they do?

When it comes to collections and the law, there are a few things they can do and several things they can’t do. If you want to know more about that, click here.

Your credit

There are two important things to know when it comes to collections and your credit report.

  1. A collection (or a charge off) hurts your credit score. Not only that, but your payment history (number one factor when calculating your score) will no longer be 100%, and that’s damaging as well.
  2. A collection will stay on your credit report for 7 years. You can implement strategies to improve your score, but you’ll only be able to do so much while that collection is on there.

Having a debt sold to a collection agency isn’t the end of the world. There are several things you can do to rectify it, dispute, or recover from it.

Related reading:

What You Need To Know About Bankruptcy

Deep Dive Into Credit Cards

What Affects Your Credit Score

How to Utilize Rewards

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On this site, we talk about credit, investing, and how to pay off debt. One thing that’s often missed around the debt subject is rewards.

Rewards are incentives to keep going. It’s something we can use to motivate us on our journey, no matter what that journey is.

Whether we are trying to pay off debt, lose weight, or just, straight up, improve our life. You need to reward yourself, otherwise, it’s go go go, all the time.

In this article, we’ll talk about when it’s a good time to reward yourself, how, and things to look out for.

Habits

A reward should be centered around two things. Habit formation or commitment, and goals.

If you are trying to make an improvement on something, whether it’s your health or your finances, you have to develop good habits.

If you want to exercise more, do it six days in a row, then take a break. That break can be your reward. If you want to eat better, do it for six days and then take a little break with a cheat meal.

The first step is creating the habits to get yourself to that better place.

Goals

The next reward will come when you hit goals. You want to get to a certain place, say saving $20,00 for a down payment, eliminating your debt, or losing 20 pounds.

Those are great goals, but you should put in place incremental ones to help you get there. That could be a reward for every $5,000 saved, every $5,000 paid down, or every 5 pounds lost.

It’s a lot like Dave Ramsey’s “Snowball Method” with applications in different areas of life. The goal with that method is to give you small wins to keep you motivated.

How to reward

If you put those habits in place and hit those goals, it’s time for the reward. The great, but the challenging part about that is everyone defines reward differently.

So when you create a reward for yourself, you should keep two things in mind. Make sure it’s good enough to release some dopamine, but small enough that it doesn’t set you back on what you are trying to accomplish.

If you’re trying to lose weight, your reward should be a little cheat meal or a day off from working out. Not a day of binge eating or a week without breaking a sweat.

If you’re trying to save money or pay down debt, don’t let whatever the reward is negate you from saving that month or add to your debt.

Large enough to make you feel good, but small enough so you stay on course.

What to watch for

The biggest thing to watch for is the size/duration of the reward. It mustn’t be too big or too small.

It’s a fine line and may require a little trial and error before you get it right. Start small and work your way up.

As I mentioned, it shouldn’t detract you from the pursuit of your goals, but it should also make you feel good about the progress that you’ve made or the habits you’ve created.

How I handle rewards

I won’t lie to you, rewards are a challenge for me. I’m very much a black and white type of person.

I keep junk food out of the house because I can’t be tempted with it. I make regular transfers from checking to savings in order to keep “discretionary money” out of my bank account for fear of spending it away (mostly on take-out, honestly).

It’s hard for me to put the pedal to the floor and take it off for a day. I’m either all on or all off, but I’m starting to figure it out. It really just takes some practice, a little will power, and some self-awareness.

Related Reading:

The Psychology of Money

Diving Deep into Debt

Money Anxiety

My Life and How I Manage Stress

How Long Does Bankruptcy Stay on Credit Report?

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Filing for bankruptcy is a tough decision to make. It can provide relief when you’re drowning in debt, but it does have consequences when it comes to your credit. How long does bankruptcy stay on your credit report?

We’re going to explore the answer to that question, as well as a few other items, in this article.

What is bankruptcy?

It’s a legal proceeding when an individual or an entity is relieved from some or all of their debts. Whether it’s all or some, and how that process takes place depends on the type of bankruptcy that’s filed.

  • Chapter 7 – Liquidable assets are sold in order to pay off debts. When those assets are exhausted, the remaining debt is discharged.
  • Chapter 11 – The most expensive option, which is usually used by companies (General Motors and J.C. Penny, for example). This is a reorganization plan that enables companies to remain open while getting their financial obligations situated.
  • Chapter 13 – Only available to individuals. The person filing implements a payment plan and is typically able to keep their assets (house, car, etc.). The debt must be paid off in 3 to 5 years.

Federal student loans are often excluded from being discharged, so you’ll be on the hook for that.

Let’s take a look at how bankruptcy affects your credit report.

How it affects credit

I’ll state the obvious by telling you that bankruptcy negatively affects your credit. Typically, you can expect your score to drop by 20-25%. This also depends on your current credit score and credit strength.

Discharges on more accounts and/or accounts with higher balances will affect your score more than discharges on a small number of accounts and/or low balances.

Delinquency usually proceeds bankruptcy and those stay on your report for 7 years. Chapter 7 bankruptcy stays on your credit report for 10 years, while chapter 13 stays on for 7 years.

What to do after

Inspect your credit report with a fine-toothed comb. Make sure that the debts discharged were actually discharged. If you find errors, go through the proper channels to get those corrected.

Once you’ve filed, you can immediately start building your credit back up. The first step is to ALWAYS pay your bills on time. I’ve stated before that on-time payment history is the number one factor when calculating your credit score.

The next step is to open a credit account. This should be something small and manageable. I often suggest a secured credit card. With this type of account, you make a deposit and that deposit acts as your credit limit.

Establish a positive payment history and keep your utilization well below 30%.

Bankruptcy on your report

You don’t have to do anything to remove the bankruptcy from your credit report. It will fall off on its own.

Review your credit report once the 7 or 10 year period ends. At that point, depending which type you filed, the bankruptcy should come off.

Give it a few months as your credit report often lags a little after the activity actually took place.

Stay diligent. Bankruptcy is not a death sentence, it’s a fresh start. Pay on time, keep your utilization low, and keep your spending in check.

Related reading:

How to Answer a Civil Summons for a Credit Card

What You Need to Know About Bankruptcy

What Affects Your Credit Score

How to Answer a Civil Summons for Credit Card Debt

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How to Answer a Civil Summons for Credit Card Debt

You do what you can, but sometimes debt gets out of control. If you get far enough behind on your credit card payments, eventually, the lender or a debt collector will file a suit against you to get what they’re owed. In this article, we’ll explore what a civil summons is and what to do when you’re faced with one.

What is a civil summons?

Generally speaking, a civil summons is when a governing body, individual, or organization files a lawsuit or judgment against another individual or organization.

The document indicates the reason for the suit or administrative action. It also listed pertinent information, such as the time and date of the first hearing, details about the plaintiff and defendant, and the amount of time the defendant has to respond.

A civil summons with regard to credit card debt usually occurs when the account reaches “charge off” status. Charge-off status usually happens between 120 and 180 days.

With that said, here are the steps you need to take.

Don’t ignore it

This is the worst thing you can do. The suit will continue, whether or not you respond. If you don’t respond, the court will issue a ruling in favor of the lender.

That means you will be forced to pay what’s owed. They may also tack on attorney fees, court fees, and interest to your balance.

Negotiate

Get in touch with the lender/collector that filed the suit, and see if they will accept a lower amount.

The filer may ask for a lump sum or a series of payments. The negotiated amount can range from 40% to 80% of the original balance.

Who filed the suit also makes a difference in negotiation. If the lender is after you, they will be less willing to negotiate a lower amount than a debt collector that bought the debt at a discount.

Research

If negotiation doesn’t work, it’s time to build your defense. Get a hold of the lender or collector again and gather information.

  • Check through your records to confirm if the debt owed belongs to you – do the amount and the original lender match up? Is it yours?
  • Get a chain of custody records – does the filer have the legal right to do so?
  • How long have you owed the debt – the statute of limitations could forbid the suit based on how long you’ve owed it
  • Get proof from the filer – are their records accurate? Is the information listed correctly? If the filer has missing or incorrect information, this can work in your favor.
  • Get copies of everything – accurate and complete documentation is very important

Talk with a professional

Get a consultation. Often, these are free. At the very least, it’ll help get a better understanding of what you’re up against and what you should do.

If money is tight, there are organizations, like lawhelp.org, that will provide an attorney that volunteers their time.

If money isn’t as tight, vet and hire an attorney to help your cause.

Go to court

If negotiation and settling outside of court don’t work, then it’s time to go to court. Here’s what you have to do.

  • Formally answer the summons with the court. This has to be in writing and generally, you have to answer within 20 to 30 days of receiving the summons.
  • In your reply, you have three answer options: admit, deny, or lack of knowledge. Admit it’s your debt, deny it’s your debt (only if you’re 100% sure), or attest that you don’t have enough information to say otherwise.

Options after court

If the ruling goes your way, there’s not much else to do. However, there may be terms you need to settle on, depending on what the judgment was, so you may not be completely out of the woods yet.

If the ruling doesn’t go your way, you have a few options.

  1. Try negotiating with the lender/collector again.
  2. Pay the amount mandated by the court
  3. Argue the ruling by filing an appeal
  4. File for bankruptcy
    1. This is the last resort and should only be used if there’s no way to pay back what you owe.

Credit score

Your credit score will take a big hit throughout this process.

  • Prior to 30 days late, it won’t affect your credit score, but you will be charged late fees (most likely).
  • After 30 days, a late payment will show on your report. On-time payment is the number 1 factor when calculating your score, so expect a significant drop.
  • The impact late payment has on your credit gets worse as you pass 60 and 90 days.
  • As stated, a suit normally isn’t brought against you until 180 days late. At that point, the account is listed in “charge off” status and that will really hurt your score.

Obviously, you want to do everything possible to prevent being served a summons for your being behind on your credit card bills, but if you get there, these are the steps you need to take.

Related reading:

What Happens When You Fall Behind On a Mortgage?

What You Need To Know About Bankruptcy

Ways Debt Can Hurt You

What Affects Your Credit Score

How To Pay Off Credit Card Debt

Job Loss: What to do

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Losing your job is like a big punch to the gut. At first, it’s hard to process, but then your head starts spinning. What will I do for work? How will I pay my bills and put food on the table? What will my family do?

Taking a deep breath is a good first step. After that, it’s time to put a plan into action. Many of you could be experiencing this right now, given what the world looks like today.

In this article, I’m going to lay out how to financially prepare before and in the midst of a job loss.

First thing

As I said, this will be a big shock to absorb. Give yourself some time to realize what has happened. More than likely, you’ll go through the 5 stages of grief.

Unemployment

One of the first things you should do is apply for unemployment. There might be some hoops that you have to jump through, but one imperative item you need to confirm with your old employer is that you were let go and without cause. Resigning or being fired for cause disqualifies you from collecting unemployment.

Set money aside for taxes. Unemployment does not withhold FICA taxes or state income tax (if applicable). If you normally receive a refund, you might get a reduced refund or none at all. Plan accordingly.

Severance

The next step has to do with severance. If you were let go or fired without cause, your company will, most likely, offer it to you. It isn’t required by law, but most companies do it. Take severance home and review it closely. Don’t sign right away. Once you’ve reviewed it, take it back and negotiate.

Job Search

Starting looking for a new job right away. It does not pay to wait. All jobs are first come first served, set get searching as soon as possible.

Be picky, but pick up a job of some sort that will provide you with some cash flow.

Is now the time for a career change? Have you been dissatisfied with your industry or line of work? Do you have the skills and/or qualifications to make such a change? These could be questions to consider.

Finances

With regard to any debts that you have outstanding, call your creditors and see if they will let you defer payments, or at least make reduced payments, for a while. Also, make the minimum on your debt payments. Having cash available for other necessary items is more important.

Relentlessly cut expenses and review your budget with fine-toothed comb. Again, cash flow is your friend in your new situation so the more liquidity you have the better.

Pad your emergency fund. Obviously, this is something that needs to be done before you lose your job, so it’s imperative that you listen. Common advice is to save 3-6 months’ worth of expenses. If you’re self-employed and are responsible for payroll and other business expenses, it’s prudent to have 6-12 months worth saved.

HELOC? That stands for Home Equity Line of Credit. Is that something you are able to do? Is that something that you want to do? A HELOC turns the equity you’ve accumulated on your home into a loan.

Insurance

Life and disability insurance are very important coverages to have, but a just loss and loss of income could derail those coverages. There is a rider that can be added (waiver of premium) at the time of application so your policy stays in force while you are unable to make payments. *Be advised: this has to be done when you sign up, not after the fact.*

Healthcare is another important item to take care of. First off, if you have any appointments you were waiting to schedule, do it now before your coverage changes. The next step is to find a suitable replacement for your current coverage. This could be taking your spouse’s insurance, finding new coverage on the marketplace, or signing up for COBRA.

Retirement

Avoid dipping into retirement savings – this should be your last resort. Retirement savings accrues most effectively when you leave it alone. That’s when compounding works the best. Not only that, withdrawing funds prematurely will subject you to income taxes and an early withdrawal penalty.

Do you have 401(k) loans? If the answer is yes, you’ll be required to pay that loan back in its entirety in the next 60 days, otherwise, it’ll be considered a withdrawal. Again, taxes and a penalty.

Make a decision on what to do with the old retirement plan – Do you roll it to your new employer, roll it to an IRA, or leave it with the current institution. If you have a lower account balance, your HR department could require you to transfer it or cash out. Each company is different.

Related reading:

Employer/Employee Negotiations

Why Financial Literacy is Important

Your Go-To Budget Guide