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4 Different Types of Stocks

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Stocks are one of the most common ways you can start investing. Stocks are usually sold by corporations to raise funds to grow and invest in their business. When you buy a stock, you get a share of ownership in the company and you are entitled to profits based on how much stock you own. Investors buy stocks in companies they think will go up in value which, in turn, increases the value of the company’s stocks. If the stocks you bought increase in value, you have an option of selling them for a profit.  [Read more…]

5 Details to Pay Attention to Regarding Your Job

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When you’re looking for a job, there are a few things that you have to pay attention to and be wary of. Some of these things will be extra incentives, while some might end up becoming future nuisances. Regardless if they are positive or not, it’s important to be aware of them, so you can either correct them or take advantage of them. Here are several details to pay attention to regarding your job. [Read more…]

Why Understanding Your Paycheck Stub Is Important

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Understanding your paycheck stub is essential. Your paycheck stub is included when you get paid. Whether you do direct deposit or get paper checks, the pay stub will show important information about your pay.

There are several key pieces to the paycheck stub – gross earnings, taxes, deductions, and net earnings. There are also other, seemingly, unimportant things on your paycheck. The information included on a paycheck stub include:

  • Hours works
  • Wages earned – gross and net
  • Overtime
  • Benefits – i.e. health insurance premium payment, retirement plan contributions
  • Taxes – federal, state, fica (social security 6.2, medicare 1.45, and .9 surtax if you earn over $200,000
  • Year to date info – hours, wages, taxes, benefits, etc.\
  • Personal information – name, address, social security number
  • Date of pay period
  • Pay rate
  • PTO, sick days, vacation days

Why is understanding your paycheck sub so important?

A pay stub is a way of keeping accurate records. It shows what employees worked, what they were paid, what taxes were taken out, retirement contributions, etc.

Because it’s your responsibility to report and address discrepancies. If you think you got paid less than you were supposed to or worked more than what’s reported, you need to bring that up. If your deductions (retirement plan contributions, taxes, health insurance premiums) appear to be less or more than you assumed, you need to bring that up.

Why are those things important?

  • What you earn is what allows you to afford to live. If you worked more or worked overtime, and it wasn’t reported correctly, your paycheck can suffer.
  • Taxes are incredibly important – if you expect to get money back on your tax return, but come to find out they weren’t withholding enough, you can end up owing instead. Your withholdings are very important to understand.
  • Health insurance premiums – if you’re not paying enough, your policy can cancel due to non-payment. What happens then? You go to the doctor and pay through the nose because you don’t have coverage?
  • Retirement plan contributions – If they “contribute” too much, you will have less on your check. If they “contribute” too little, your nest egg will suffer.

Paycheck stubs are incredibly important. They help you and your employer keep track of pertinent information, like taxes, health insurance premiums, retirement plan contributions, and your salary. Make sure you understand it and make sure you address any sort of discrepancy. That’s your responsibility.

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Paycheck Stubs

Three Accounting Tools Every Small Business Needs

Does Health Insurance Affect Your Taxes

U.S. Money Reserve: How to Protect Yourself in the “Risk Zone” with a Precious Metals IRA

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Preparing for your retirement is an important way to help ensure your financial future. However, with the markets becoming increasingly volatile in recent years, many Americans have been looking into building not only wealth but also wealth protection. The 2020 economic crisis continues to have a significant impact on the financial sector and world markets. While millions of Americans rely on popular plans such as the 401(k), traditional IRA, and Roth IRA, their nest eggs could be at risk over the long run. [Read more…]

4 Smart Decisions to Alleviate Financial Problems

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Unless you’re very lucky, everyone will eventually experience financial difficulties of some form or another during their lifetime. Indeed, financial trouble comes in many forms, ranging from medical bills, to student-loan debt, to unemployment, and even failed business ventures. While financial difficulties may –– in large part –– prove inevitable, savvy individuals can make smart decisions to avoid, mitigate, and recover from them. Just make sure to follow these four steps the next time you find yourself in a pinch:

Don’t Panic

First and foremost, the key to financial success in any situation is to keep a calm head. Just because the numbers look bad, it doesn’t mean you should start panicking. In fact, it’s important to keep things in perspective. Financial problems can lead to genuine mental anguish –– so if you feel especially nervous or depressed about a financial situation, consider reaching out to a mental health professional. Your well-being is more important than anything else!

Prioritize

Once you’ve collected yourself, you should survey your financial situation and make priority determinations. Ask yourself which bills, projects, or debts are most important and focus on clearing them up first. Trying to solve every financial issue in front of you is likely unfeasible. Rather, defer what you can and handle the most pressing problem first.

Identify Long-Term Solutions 

Struggling with debt for one month is bad. Yet, the truth is that most people in financial trouble struggle for months on end. As such, it’s important for professionals to do their best to identify long-term solutions to debt. To do this, you may consider speaking to a financial advisor, a lawyer, or even your creditors to work out more reasonable payment options. Alternatively, you could focus on generating more income. For example, a drugstore owner might try to determine how to increase pharmacy business through new marketing tactics. Or a freelancer may explore new work opportunities online. Regardless, do your best to figure out a long-term debt management strategy. Otherwise, any progress you make will be fleeting at best.

Avoid Dead-Ends  

Unfortunately, many professionals fall victim to a phenomenon known as the “sunk-cost fallacy.” That is, if you’ve spent a lot of money on a certain investment, business, or project, you may be more likely to keep investing in it, even when it no longer makes financial sense. It’s never easy to walk away from a project you feel connected to, but sometimes you have to cut ties in order to move forward. In other words, don’t let emotions cloud your judgement! Manage that, and you’ll be well on your way to a sounder financial future.

 

Refinancing at Lower Rates: Pros and Cons

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refinancing at lower rates

Deciding whether to refinance your mortgage or vehicle at a lower rate isn’t always easy. While there are coms clear benefits, you’ll also face a few drawbacks. In some cases, those negatives aren’t immediately noticeable if you don’t do your research first. However, you may feel that the positives outweigh them. If you’re thinking about refinancing at lower rates, here are the pros and cons you need to consider.

Pro: You Might Save Money

One of the biggest benefits of securing a lower rate on your mortgage or auto loan is the potential savings. First, you usually end up with a smaller payment, and that can be a boon for your monthly budget.

Second, you could pay less in interest, leading to a long-term savings, too. However, this isn’t technically guaranteed. Your interest rate is only one factor in this equation; the other big one is the length of your new loan.

If your existing mortgage only had, for example, 15 years left, and you refinance into a 30-year loan, you could actually end up paying more in interest over the life of the loan, even with the lower rate. However, if you had 27 years left on your initial loan and refinance it with a lower rate 30-year mortgage, you may not spend more in interest, depending on the exact terms.

Con: You Might Reset the Clock

When you refinance your loan, you generally select from a few term lengths. For mortgages, 15, 20, and 30 years are most common. For vehicles, 36, 48, and 60 months are the norm. That means there may not be an exact match to the number of months or years you have left on your existing loan.

While this isn’t always a problem, if you only plan on making minimum payments, you could be defaulting to a longer term than your existing loan has left. As a result, you’ll have to deal with the monthly payment longer, and that does impact your budget and, potentially, other aspects of your finances, like savings goals.

Pro: Pay Your Debt Off in Less Time

As mentioned above, when you refinance, you typically have to choose from a handful of set term lengths. However, there is no rule that says you have to choose a longer one than what’s left on your current loan.

With a lower rate, you may be able to select a shorter term and keep your monthly payments affordable. For example, if you have 20 years left on your 30-year mortgage but choose to refinance with a lower rate 15-year loan, you could come out ahead financially in the long-run. Not only will you be able to tackle the debt faster, but you’ll also pay less in interest.

Con: Refinancing Fees and Expenses

When you refinance a loan, particularly a mortgage, you’ll have to contend with some fees. For example, you may need to pay mortgage refinance closing costs, origination or underwriting fees, escrow fees, appraisal fees, or similar costs associated with securing the mortgage.

Exactly what you owe will depend on the lender you refinance with, as each lender has their own fee structures. Some lenders do offer no-closing-cost refinance options, for example. Or, if you aren’t doing a cash-out refinance, you may not need an appraisal.

However, if you do have to contend with fees, they could offset any savings you receive from securing the lower rate. It’s critical to do the math to estimate their impact. That way, you can figure out if refinancing at lower rates is actually a smart financial move.

Pro: You Might Reduce Your Debt-to-Income Ratio

Your debt-to-income ratio is a comparison between your monthly debt obligations and your monthly income. Usually, lenders use it to determine your ability to repay a loan, credit card, or another form of debt.

When your debt-to-income ratio is lower, you may be viewed as a safer risk. If your debt-to-income ratio is too high, a lender may not view you as a good bet, causing them to deny you financing.

If you refinance your mortgage with a lower rate, you may be able to shrink your debt-to-income ratio. This could make it easier for you to secure credit while you are still paying down your mortgage, should the need arise.

Con: You’ll Impact Your Credit Score

When you refinance your loan, you’re going to end up with a hard pull on your credit score. Additionally, if you move forward with the refinance, the new loan will reduce the average age of your accounts.

While these aren’t universally guaranteed to hurt your credit score, they certainly can. The impact will depend on the number of credit inquiries you have listed on your report within the past two to three years, as well as the age of your other credit accounts and other factors.

However, it’s almost guaranteed to make some kind of impact, and it’s critical to keep that in mind. This is especially true if you may need a different type of financing in the near future, as a decline in your credit score, if one happens, could make that harder to obtain.

Pro: You May be Able to Tap Your Equity

If you are refinancing a mortgage and have some equity, you might be able to access it when you refinance. A cash-out refinance allows you to access some of your home’s value, giving you money you can use for any purpose. For example, you might take the cash and fund some home improvements or use it to pay off high-interest debt.

Generally, the interest rates on mortgages are lower than most other forms of consumer debt, particularly unsecured personal loans and credit cards. That can make a cash-out refinance an attractive option for handling expensive home repairs or getting out from under credit card debt.

Now, this isn’t a risk-free move. Your home secures the mortgage and, if you take out enough money to put a strain on your budget, you could lose your house if you can’t make the payments. However, that doesn’t mean cashing out can’t be beneficial. It will all depend on what you intend to do with the money and the current state of your finances.

Cons: Refinancing At Lower Rates Isn’t Fast

If you’re in financial trouble right now, refinancing may not solve your immediate woes. Whether you’re looking at refinancing your mortgage or vehicle, the process can take a little bit of time, especially with the former.

When you refinance a mortgage, you’re essentially going through the same process you did when you first financed a house. It can take weeks or months to finish, depending on the lender, the refinance type you choose, and your financial situation. Plus, you have to keep paying on your current mortgage (and other bills) until the process is complete, as a missed payment while the refinance is in-process could bring the whole thing to a halt.

Even vehicle refinancing isn’t always immediate. While it can certainly be quicker than refinancing a mortgage, there’s no guarantee it’ll be done in just a day or two. This is especially true when it comes to closing out the old loan.

Regardless of whether you successfully complete the refinance process and are formally approved, if you have a payment due on your existing loan within a few days, the pay-off through your new lender might not process before that due date arrives. If that’s the case, you’ll have to make the payment or take a hit on your credit.

Ultimately, refinancing at lower rates can be beneficial, but it isn’t a risk-free proposition. Make sure you understand the risks and drawbacks before you begin. Also, do the math to make sure that the lower rate genuinely results in a meaningful savings. That way, you can make the financial move that’s right for you.

Can you think of any other refinancing at lower rates pros and cons? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

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The Pros and Cons of Index Investing

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What Are Index Funds?

If you are tired of trying to beat the stock market, index investing may be the best solution for you. Index funds work by investing your money into an index of stocks. (You may have heard of S&P 500 or the Dow.) When you put money into an index fund, you are investing in all of the companies that make up that particular index’s portfolio.

This is an alternative to choosing and investing in particular stocks. The same risks exist for you as those who buy stocks individually. However, investing in an index can provide broad diversification for your equity investments. Instead of putting your eggs in a few baskets, you’re putting one egg in 500 baskets (using the S&P 500 as an example).

Pros:  

They are inexpensive

There are usually no hidden fees or sales commissions with index funds. They have low annual fees- much more insignificant than the large fees that hedge funds and other alternatives charge. You can also increase your investments regularly without facing additional charges. Avoid indexes that do charge investors extra.

They Allow You to Invest in A Diverse Selection of Stocks

A well-balanced portfolio is key, and index funds aim to achieve this. As an individual, our investment opportunities are far more limited. By teaming up in an index fund we are able to share in the investments of many different stock companies. This is a much more attainable goal when we are part of an index fund.

They’re Efficient

Index funds financially outperform the majority of mutual funds. Although solo investors enjoy trying to “beat” the stock market and outsmart the institution, research has shown time after time that index fund earnings are much more consistent.

On top of bringing in more earnings, they are also user-friendly and easy. You can link your bank account to the index fund and it will automatically withdraw on a regular basis for you. No work on your part at all! Not only do you avoid having to study the stock market, but you also do not have to move the money over regularly.

It’s A No-Brainer

For anyone who is a newbie when it comes to investing, index funds are a life-saver. You don’t have to pick individual stocks or worry about the market rising and falling. All you have to do is provide the money, and the market should grow over time.

Cons of index investing: 

They Can be Vague

The assets making up a fund’s portfolio are constantly changing. It can be difficult to see exactly what you own and exactly how much you have made by investing. This is due to the fluctuating values in the underlying stocks and the index itself.

Limited Upside

Although investing in individual stocks can be messy and dangerous, some investors have a special eye for it. The professionals can often beat the market and get ahead of the game. In an index fund, you will never beat the market, because you will only grow consistently alongside it.

You’re Not in Charge

If you like to be in control, it could be difficult to learn to trust your money with strangers. Your index fund managers will be the ones in charge of what the fund gains in assets. You will likely never be personally able to call the shots in an index fund, and that is something you will have to come to terms with.

Not Suitable For All Investors

One of the most obvious cons of index investing is the “blanket” suitability for all investors. That’s, simply, not the case. The risk/return relationship suggests that higher return investments usually involve higher risk. Index funds are typically designed to capture the median performance of markets such as the S&P 500 or the Russell 2000.

As a result, they usually return market performance – no more and no less. If you want a very risky investment strategy, say, for example, investing in reverse convertible bonds, you likely won’t find index funds a suitable investment vehicle.

There Can be Fees

Some index funds do charge high fees and commissions. Be sure to stay clear of these.

My Concern

Generally speaking, index funds are great. They offer broad exposure to the market and do an incredible job at limiting fees.

But, in my mind, there are two more cons of index investing:

  1. Accidental concentration – As the market ebbs and flows, some sectors and industries will do better than others. For example, over the last 10+ years, the technology sector has outperformed the broader market by a large margin. As a result, tech makes up a greater portion of the index. If that sector experiences a pullback, the index as a whole will fall.
  2. Liquidity concerns – This mainly applies to index ETFs, but if the market, as a whole, drops, inexperienced investors will sell out of their positions to limit their losses. When there is a rush for liquidity, these ETFs need to sell underlying positions to provide investors with that liquidity. This can lead to an acceleration of losses. Investors sell, portfolio managers sell to give individuals their money, so underlying assets drop. This can cause more investors to sell, and again, portfolio managers to sell more. It’s a domino effect

Related reading:

Can you afford not to use index funds?

Robo-advisers: What I like and what I don’t like

Don’t Keep These 7 Things In Your Wallet

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please don't keep these 7 things in your wallet

When you choose items to go into your wallet, you typically have a few goals in mind. Usually, the first priority is to ensure certain necessary items are accessible, like your driver’s license or debit card. However, some people also carry around additional items, predominately because it seems convenient. The issue is, some things are incredibly risky to keep with you, leaving you open to identity theft, fraud, or other hardships if you misplace your wallet or the items fall out. If you want to make sure you’re as protected as possible, don’t keep these 7 things in your wallet.

1. Social Security or Passport Card

Identity theft is much easier for a fraudster to pull off if they have access to your Social Security number. Since your Social Security card isn’t something you regularly use, carrying it around means you’re taking an unnecessary risk.

Ideally, your Social Security card should be stored in a safe place, such as a fireproof safe in your home or a safe deposit box at a bank. That way, it is accessible on days you do need it – such as if you have to present it to complete an I-9 verification for a new job – but won’t easily fall into the hands of someone else.

Technically, you also shouldn’t carry any documents or notes with your Social Security number on them, especially in your wallet. Your ID card or driver’s license contains a lot of your personal information. If you lose your wallet and it also has your Social Security number on a piece of paper inside, you’re making it particularly easy for them to steal your identity.

The same goes for passport cards. While they are convenient for border crossings, they also contain a ton of personal information. Unless you’re planning on crossing a border or need it for an I-9 verification, leave it securely stored elsewhere.

2. Credit Cards You Don’t Use Regularly

Carrying credit cards that you don’t use frequently creates an extra level of risk. Even if you notice your wallet is missing quickly, it takes time to contact every issuer to let them know your card is missing. That could give a criminal enough time to use your card before you get it canceled.

While you may want to keep your main credit card and debit card with you, reconsider any extras. For example, you may want to lock up your store cards in a fireproof safe, only removing them when you plan to shop at that store. Not only is that safer, but it could also reduce the urge to impulse shop, which could make it easier to keep your budget on track.

3. PINs and Passwords

Some people struggle to remember their debit card PIN and various account passwords. While keeping it on a piece of paper might seem convenient, it also means that someone else gets access to it if you lose your wallet. Thieves will have an easier time using your card, as they can enter the PIN directly, or could the passwords to break into your bank accounts.

Similarly, writing your PIN on the back of the card is a no-go. You never want a copy of your PIN and your card in the same place, as that makes it much easier for someone to use the card without your permission.

If you have trouble remembering, you may want to use a password keeper app. That way, you only need to remember one password, and the rest will be securely encrypted inside the app.

4. Checks

A check – whether blank or filled out – contains a lot of information that a fraudster could use to steal money from the connected account. Along with the accountholder’s name and address, the routing number and account number both appear on paper checks. That could be enough detail for a criminal to initiate a transaction, allowing them to take money out of your account.

If the check is blank, that’s even riskier. If you drop your wallet and it contains an ID card, driver’s license, debit card, or another item with your signature, the person who finds it could use that as a reference. Then, they could write themselves a check, fake your signature, and get the money that way, too.

5. Extra Cash

If you’re a fan of the envelope budgeting system, you may get in the habit of carrying large sums of cash. While that may be necessary if you’re about to handle a major shopping trip, it isn’t wise to walk about with big amounts of money when you’re not about to shop.

Instead of keeping all of the envelopes on you at all times, leave them secured in a fireproof safe. Then, remove only the ones you need when you’re about to shop.

Additionally, while it might be less comfortable, you may want to avoid carrying large bills, like $100 bills. If someone notices that you’re removing large bills from your wallet, that could make you a target. While having to carry a stack of $20s means a thicker wallet, it could be a wise move.

It’s important to remember that, unlike with credit or debit cards, there’s no fraud protection with cash. Often, if you lose your wallet and someone removes the money, recovering it is practically impossible.

6. Extra Gift Cards

Like cash, gift cards are hard to recover if they are stolen. As a result, it’s best not to carry any you aren’t planning on using that day in your wallet. That way, if you misplace your wallet, you don’t have to worry about their value being stolen.

Additionally, if you have the option of registering your gift card online, consider doing it. Usually, this process is required for online purchases, allowing the card to be associated with a physical address for traditional verifications. As an added bonus, it could make it harder for a thief to use your card, suggesting they didn’t manage to get their hands on your driver’s license or ID, too.

Without your zip code, they can’t make it through the verification process. However, if they do have your ID, they can input the right information while checking out. But that doesn’t mean that registering isn’t worth doing, as it could offer you a degree of protection.

7. Spare House, Car, or Valet Keys

While many people worry about what they’ll do if they lose their house or car key, keeping the spares – even the valet key – in your wallet isn’t ideal. If you do happen to misplace your wallet, the person who finds it can do more damage than just take your money. For example, they could use the address on your driver’s license or ID to locate your home, using the key to gain access. They could then keep an eye out for your arrival and take advantage of the spare car keep to steal your vehicle.

If you’re concerned about getting locked out of your home or car, your best bet may be to give the spare to a trusted friend or family member. Then, if you lose your keys, you can contact them for assistance.

Can you think of anything else people shouldn’t keep in their wallets? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

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