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8 Investments That Were Great In the 90s But Suck Now

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The 1990s were a wild time for investors. The stock market was booming, new technologies were emerging, and almost everyone seemed to be making money. But what worked then doesn’t always work now. Many investments that were smart bets in the 90s have lost their shine. Some have even become money pits. If you want your portfolio to keep pace with today’s market, it’s important to know which old favorites have fallen out of favor. Let’s look at eight investments that were great in the 90s but suck now, so you can avoid costly mistakes with your money.

1. Long-Distance Telephone Stocks

In the 90s, companies like AT&T, MCI, and Sprint were household names. Deregulation and the rise of the internet fueled huge gains for these stocks. But the market changed as wireless technology and internet-based calls took over. Today, the long-distance business is a shadow of its former self. Most of these companies have merged, restructured, or faded away. Investors clinging to these old giants have seen returns dwindle and dividends dry up. The days of making easy money from long-distance telephone stocks are long gone.

2. Brick-and-Mortar Video Rental Chains

If you invested in Blockbuster or Hollywood Video in the 90s, you probably thought you’d found a goldmine. Video rentals were a booming business, with stores on every corner. But streaming changed everything. Services like Netflix and Hulu made physical rentals obsolete almost overnight. Blockbuster filed for bankruptcy, and the entire industry collapsed. What was once a staple in every portfolio is now just a cautionary tale about the risk of not adapting to change.

3. Print Newspaper Companies

Print newspaper companies were reliable investments in the 90s. They had steady revenue from subscriptions and advertising. But the internet disrupted their business model. Online news is now free and available 24/7, while print circulation has plummeted. Advertising dollars have shifted to digital platforms, and many newspapers have closed or gone online-only. Investing in print newspapers today is a losing proposition, with shrinking profits and uncertain futures.

4. Dot-Com Bubble Survivors

The late 90s saw a frenzy of investment in internet startups. While a few companies like Amazon and eBay thrived, most dot-com stocks crashed and burned. Some survivors limped along for years but never regained their former glory. These stocks often trade on nostalgia rather than real value. If you’re still holding onto shares from the dot-com era, it’s likely time to cut your losses. The lesson: not every internet company is a good investment, even if it was hot in the 90s.

5. Beanie Babies and Collectible Fads

Remember when people thought Beanie Babies would fund their retirement? In the 90s, collectibles were seen as can’t-miss investments. Prices soared as speculators rushed in. But the bubble burst, and values crashed. Most Beanie Babies are now worth just a fraction of their peak prices. The same goes for other 90s collectibles like Pogs and sports cards. If your investment strategy relies on chasing the next collectible craze, you’re probably setting yourself up for disappointment.

6. Gold Mining Penny Stocks

Gold has always been a popular hedge, but in the 90s, penny stocks in gold mining companies were especially hot. Many promised big returns with little transparency. The reality? Most of these companies failed to produce profits, and their shares became worthless. Today, gold mining penny stocks are still risky and often plagued by scams. There are better ways to add gold to your portfolio than chasing speculative penny stocks, especially if you want to avoid investments that suck now.

7. Traditional Mutual Funds with High Fees

In the 90s, mutual funds were the go-to investment for everyday investors. Many charged high management fees but delivered market-beating performance. Times have changed. Index funds and ETFs now offer similar or better returns at a fraction of the cost. High-fee mutual funds rarely justify their expense. If you’re still paying high fees for active management, you’re likely losing money compared to low-cost alternatives. This is one of the clearest examples of investments that suck now compared to their 90s heyday.

8. Japanese Real Estate

Japanese real estate was seen as a sure thing in the late 80s and early 90s. Prices soared, and foreign investors rushed in. Then came the crash. Property values fell and never fully recovered. Decades later, the Japanese real estate market is still sluggish. Demographics and deflation continue to weigh on returns. If you’re looking for growth, this is one international market to avoid.

Staying Ahead of Shifting Investment Trends

The investment world is always changing. What worked in the 90s may not work today. In fact, many investments that were great in the 90s now suck, draining your portfolio instead of building it. Technology, consumer habits, and global markets have all evolved, leaving some former favorites in the dust.

To keep your money working for you, it’s important to review your portfolio regularly and stay informed. Consider diversifying into assets that reflect today’s realities, such as low-cost index funds or real estate investment trusts. The best investments are those that keep up with the times and your financial goals.

Which 90s investment do you regret (or wish you’d bought)? Share your thoughts in the comments!

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10 Powerful Concepts From Academic Finance Explained Easily

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Understanding academic finance isn’t just for professors or Wall Street professionals. The field offers valuable insights that can help anyone make smarter financial decisions. By breaking down complex theories, you can use them in your everyday investing and planning. These ideas are the backbone of many financial strategies, and learning them can boost your confidence and results. Let’s explore ten powerful concepts from academic finance, explained in plain English, so you can put them to work in your own financial life.

1. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH)

The Efficient Market Hypothesis is a cornerstone of academic finance. It suggests that all available information is already reflected in asset prices. This means it’s very hard to consistently beat the market through stock picking or market timing. For most people, this supports the case for low-cost index funds or ETFs. While there are critics of EMH, it highlights the challenge of finding “undervalued” stocks in a world where everyone has access to information.

2. Risk and Return Tradeoff

Academic finance teaches that higher potential returns usually come with higher risk. If you want to earn more, you have to accept a greater chance of losing money. This concept shapes how investors build portfolios. Conservative investors may choose more bonds for lower risk, while aggressive investors pick more stocks for higher return potential. The key is finding your comfort level and balancing your portfolio accordingly.

3. Diversification

Diversification is spreading your investments across different types of assets to reduce risk. Academic finance shows that a well-diversified portfolio can lower the impact of any single investment’s poor performance. Instead of putting all your money into one stock or sector, you can mix stocks, bonds, and other assets. This way, if one investment falls, others may rise, helping to smooth out your returns over time.

4. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)

Modern Portfolio Theory is one of the most influential ideas in academic finance. MPT suggests that you can design an “optimal” portfolio by combining assets that don’t move in perfect sync. The goal is to maximize returns for a given level of risk. This theory is why many financial advisors recommend blending different asset classes. It’s also the foundation for many online portfolio builders and robo-advisors.

5. Time Value of Money

The time value of money is a simple but powerful concept. It means a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future because you can invest it and earn interest. Academic finance uses this idea to calculate things like present value and future value. It’s essential for decisions about saving, investing, and borrowing. Understanding this helps you compare different financial options and make better long-term choices.

6. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a tool from academic finance that estimates the expected return of an investment. CAPM looks at the risk-free rate, the investment’s sensitivity to market movements (beta), and the expected market return. It helps investors judge whether a potential investment offers enough reward for its risk. While CAPM has limitations, it’s a useful starting point for evaluating stocks and other assets.

7. Behavioral Finance

Behavioral finance blends psychology and academic finance to understand why people sometimes make irrational financial decisions. Common biases include overconfidence, loss aversion, and herd behavior. Recognizing these patterns can help you avoid costly mistakes. For example, you might be tempted to sell in a panic during a market dip, but understanding behavioral finance can remind you to stay the course and stick to your plan.

8. Arbitrage

Arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of price differences for the same asset in different markets. In academic finance, it’s considered a way to earn risk-free profits, at least in theory. In reality, true arbitrage opportunities are rare and often disappear quickly as traders act on them. Still, the concept helps explain how markets stay efficient and why prices tend to align over time.

9. Compound Interest

Compound interest is interest earned on both the money you invest and the interest it has already earned. Academic finance emphasizes the huge impact of compounding over time. Even modest returns can grow significantly if you start early and let them accumulate. This is why saving and investing as soon as possible is so powerful. Compounding works for you in investing, but against you with debts like credit cards.

10. Asset Allocation

Asset allocation is how you divide your investments among different asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, and cash. Academic finance shows that asset allocation is a major factor in your portfolio’s risk and return. Choosing the right mix can help you reach your goals while managing volatility. It’s more important than picking individual investments. Many experts recommend reviewing your asset allocation regularly to keep it in line with your needs.

Applying Academic Finance to Your Financial Life

Academic finance isn’t just for textbooks or classrooms. These ten concepts can shape your investment approach, help you avoid common mistakes, and improve your financial outcomes. By understanding ideas like the risk and return tradeoff, diversification, and the time value of money, you’ll be better equipped to make smart decisions. Even if you don’t use every tool, knowing the basics gives you a strong foundation.

Which of these academic finance concepts do you find most useful or interesting? Share your thoughts in the comments below!

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10 Gold vs Stocks Lessons You Shouldn’t Ignore

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When it comes to building wealth, the gold vs stocks debate is as old as investing itself. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or just starting out, understanding the differences between these two popular assets can make a world of difference in your financial journey. Both gold and stocks have their unique strengths and weaknesses, and knowing when—and how—to use each can help you weather market storms, grow your nest egg, and sleep better at night. If you’ve ever wondered whether you should buy more gold, stick with stocks, or find the right balance, you’re in the right place. Let’s break down the 10 gold vs stocks lessons you shouldn’t ignore, so you can make smarter, more confident decisions with your money.

1. Gold Shines in Uncertain Times

One of the biggest lessons in the gold vs stocks conversation is that gold often acts as a safe haven during economic uncertainty. When markets get rocky, investors tend to flock to gold because it’s seen as a store of value. Unlike stocks, which can swing wildly with market sentiment, gold’s price often rises when fear takes over. This makes gold a valuable tool for protecting your portfolio during recessions, geopolitical tensions, or inflation scares. For example, during the 2008 financial crisis, gold prices surged while stocks plummeted, highlighting gold’s role as a financial safety net.

2. Stocks Offer Long-Term Growth

While gold is great for stability, stocks are the go-to for long-term growth. Over the decades, the stock market has consistently outperformed gold in terms of returns. Companies grow, pay dividends, and innovate, which can lead to significant wealth accumulation for patient investors. If your goal is to build wealth over the long haul, stocks should play a central role in your portfolio. Just remember, the ride can be bumpy, but history shows that time in the market beats trying to time the market.

3. Diversification Is Your Best Friend

The gold vs stocks debate isn’t about picking one over the other—it’s about balance. Diversifying your investments across different asset classes, including both gold and stocks, can help reduce risk and smooth out returns. When stocks are down, gold might be up, and vice versa. This balancing act can help you avoid big losses and keep your financial plan on track, no matter what the market throws your way.

4. Gold Doesn’t Pay Dividends

Here’s a practical lesson: gold doesn’t generate income. Unlike stocks, which can pay dividends and grow your wealth through compounding, gold just sits there. It may appreciate in value, but you won’t get any cash flow from holding it. If you’re looking for passive income, stocks have a clear advantage. This is an important consideration for retirees or anyone who wants their investments to provide regular payouts.

5. Stocks Are More Accessible

Investing in stocks has never been easier. With just a few clicks, you can buy your favorite companies’ shares or invest in index funds through online brokers. Gold, on the other hand, can be a bit trickier. You can buy physical gold, but then you have to worry about storage and security. Alternatively, you can invest in gold ETFs, which adds another complexity layer. For most people, stocks are simply more accessible and convenient.

6. Inflation Impacts Both—But Differently

Inflation is a key factor in the gold vs stocks discussion. Gold is often touted as a hedge against inflation because its value tends to rise when the purchasing power of money falls. Stocks, however, can also outpace inflation over time, especially if you’re invested in companies that can raise prices and grow profits. The trick is understanding how each asset responds to inflation and using that knowledge to protect your wealth.

7. Volatility Isn’t Always Bad

Stocks are known for their volatility, but that’s not necessarily a bad thing. Volatility creates opportunities for savvy investors to buy low and sell high. Gold, while generally less volatile, can still experience sharp price swings, especially during times of crisis. The key is to embrace volatility as part of the investing process and not let short-term swings derail your long-term plan.

8. Gold’s Value Is Largely Psychological

Much of gold’s value comes from perception. People have trusted gold for thousands of years, and that trust gives it staying power. But gold doesn’t produce anything, unlike stocks, which represent ownership in real businesses. Its price is driven by supply, demand, and investor sentiment. Understanding this psychological aspect can help you avoid getting caught up in gold hype and make more rational decisions.

9. Stocks Benefit from Economic Growth

When the economy is booming, stocks usually do well. Companies make more money, hire more workers, and expand their operations. This growth translates into higher stock prices and better returns for investors. Gold, on the other hand, doesn’t benefit directly from economic growth. In fact, it sometimes lags when the economy is strong. If you’re optimistic about the future, stocks are likely to reward you more than gold.

10. Both Have a Place in a Smart Portfolio

The final gold vs stocks lesson is that you don’t have to choose one or the other. Both assets have unique roles to play in a well-rounded portfolio. Gold can provide stability and protection, while stocks offer growth and income. By combining the two, you can create a resilient investment strategy that stands the test of time.

Building Your Financial Future with Confidence

The gold vs stocks debate isn’t about picking a winner—it’s about understanding how each asset fits into your unique financial plan. By learning these lessons and applying them to your situation, you can build a ready portfolio for anything. Whether you lean more toward gold, stocks, or a mix of both, the key is staying informed, balanced, and keeping your long-term goals in sight.

What’s your experience with gold vs stocks? Do you have a preference, or do you use both? Share your thoughts in the comments below!

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Dealing with Market Fluctuations

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Over the past couple of months, we’ve seen increased volatility. Put simply, volatility is periodic market fluctuations.

In a month, from the end of February to the end of March, we saw the S&P 500 drop nearly 35%. Obviously, it wasn’t a straight drop. There were several up days and a few relief rallies.

Since then, we have seen the S&P come back to the tune of 22%.

In this article, I want to give a little information about how I deal with market fluctuations, where I look for opportunities, and how retirement savers navigate these difficult times.

What I Learned

At the beginning of my career, I always dreaded experiencing a bear market. What do I do? Do I sell out of everything to avoid the decline? What do I tell my clients? How will they react?

As I gained more experience and read more, I learned what to do.

Keep in mind that I started my career in 2014, still in the middle of a long bull market, and since then I’ve read everything I could get my hands on about finances, markets, and economics. I’ve listened to podcasts and watched YouTube videos.

A lot of the people that I learned from attributed their success to when they got started. Two gentlemen really stick out.

One began his career in 1987 and lost his shirt on Black Monday (20% decline in one day, October 1987). This taught him about diversification and the importance of a long-term strategy.

The other got started in the early 80s but had a much different experience. He did some research and analysis and found a lot of risk in the credit market. He stuck his neck out on this trade and what he predicted came to fruition.

However, the markets didn’t react how he thought. What he learned was that fundamentals are important, yes, but what [almost] matters more is investor behavior.

Market Fluctuations

In periods of heightened market volatility, I pretty much hold my ground. I help my clients plan accordingly and coach them about what to do when stocks fall.

We put together the parachute before we jump out of the plane, not on the way down. That’s where people get into trouble. That’s why asset allocation is so important.

When building a portfolio, it’s vital to take your age (time horizon) and risk tolerance into account.

What may even be more important is the investor’s behavior. They might have a long time horizon and be fairly tolerant of risk, but if they’re going to lose sleep over a 10% correction, you need to position their portfolio accordingly.

Because my clients and I plan ahead, generally, I don’t do anything and I advise them to sit tight. What you don’t want to do is sell out of fear. At that point, you have probably experienced enough of the decline that it doesn’t make sense.

Exceptions

That said, I did some broad selling during the month of March. There were two positions that I used specifically to serve as a shock absorber during declines, and those did not perform as I’d hoped. So I sold them.

I realized they weren’t doing what I wanted them to and I cut my losses. Good traders and investors have an incredibly short leash when it comes to limiting their losses.

Opportunities

Generally speaking, I’m not a stock picker. I’m an asset allocator. Stock picking is not an efficient use of my time. However, sometimes it’s necessary and market fluctuations often create opportunities.

There are two positions, in particular, that I’ve been buying over the last month or two. I found enough of a disconnect between the price and what I thought the value would be over the long term, that I slowly invested into these two positions.

By the way, this slow investing is called averaging in, or dollar-cost averaging. Ideally, you invest at lower and lower prices, reducing your overall cost basis. My method is to take advantage of that disconnect I mentioned, but also leave enough on the side in case it goes lower so I can buy more.

How to Plan

Planning for market fluctuations isn’t something you do when you think it’s coming, it should be part of your plan all along.

Age is a big factor when determining the time horizon. The other items to consider, as I mentioned, are goals, risk tolerance, and investor behavior.

As an advisor, you have to be acutely aware and familiar with your clients, their risk appetite, and their personality. Only then are you able to plan with them, then guide them during trying times.

That’s probably one of the biggest things I’ve taken away from these market fluctuations. I’ve received two phone calls. That tells me that I’ve trained them well. That I’ve done a good job planning with them and that they are comfortable with how their portfolios are positioned.

Related Reading:

Psychology of Money

Why Asset Allocation Matters

Client Experiences