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Minors Still Have to Pay Taxes

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minors still have to pay taxes

Even if your children are young enough to be considered dependents, that doesn’t mean they won’t have to pay federal or state income taxes. Like adults, income earned by minors is considered taxable. If you are wondering whether your child needs to pay taxes and file a tax return, here’s what you need to know.

When Do Minors Have to Pay Taxes?

As with adults, minors have to pay taxes when their income exceeds the standard deduction or exemption. This is true regardless of whether they’re considered a dependent and can apply to both federal and state taxes.

Generally, there are two types of income that may result in minors needing to pay taxes. First, there’s earned income, which is typically money that comes from a job. With this, a child is only considered to have taxable income on a federal level if their earnings exceed the standard deduction, which is set at $12,950 for 2022. The threshold for owing state income taxes can vary, so you’ll need to check your state’s exemption amount to determine if they’ll need to pay.

Second, minors may have unearned income. Usually, this is money relating to investments or savings, such as interest or dividends. With this, the exemption is only $1,150 for 2022. Anything above that is potentially taxable.

Do Minors Get Taxes Taken Out of Their Paycheck?

If your child works for a traditional employer, taxes are often taken out of their paycheck. Most employers use the same process to ensure they meet legal requirements regarding withholding, so they treat all employees the same in that regard, no matter their age.

Like adults, minors complete Form W-4. On that, they can use the form to alter what’s withheld, allowing them to essentially have less removed than would be standard for their earnings. If a minor knows they won’t cross the standard deduction amount with their earnings, this could help them limit the amount that’s taken out of their paycheck. However, if they may exceed the threshold, that strategy could cause them to under withhold, which would leave them owing money when it was time to file.

Additionally, unless a child works for a company owned by their parents, FICA taxes – those covering Social Security and Medicare – are removed from their paycheck. There are no available exemptions to these taxes, aside from the aforementioned case of them working for a parent’s business.

Do Minors Have to File Taxes?

Technically, minors that earn less than the standard deduction and all of their income has already been reported to the IRS aren’t required to file their taxes, as they don’t owe any money to the government. However, that doesn’t mean they shouldn’t file, either through a parent’s return or on their own.

Many employers remove taxes from the paychecks of minors. If your child had taxes deducted, filing their taxes allows them to receive a refund. Without filing, that money isn’t returned, which makes submitting their tax information during the filing period essential.

For minors that earn more than the standard deduction, filing their state and federal taxes is essential. In that case, they do owe federal and state taxes. Even if their payroll deductions cover what’s owed, they need to file to formally settle the amount and either pay any additional amount owed or get a refund on the excess.

Additionally, minors that earn tips that aren’t reported to the IRS through their employer – something that’s more common with cash tips that go unrecorded by the company – they’ll need to file regardless of how much they’ve earned. That ensures that FICA taxes owed on the tip money are collected.

Finally, self-employed minors need to file their taxes if they make more than $400 in profit. Additionally, if the amount of tax owed is expected to exceed $1,000, then making quarterly tax payments is essential.

How a Minor Needs to File Taxes

There are technically two approaches a minor might have to use to file their federal taxes. First, if they make more than the standard deduction, they have to file their own return, regardless of age. Generally, minors with self-employment income should also file separately. Per the IRS, children who can’t handle the task on their own can receive assistance from a parent or guardian.

For earnings below that threshold, parents can report the income on their tax return instead. This ensures it’s properly tracked. Thus, any potential refund is capturable without the complexity of having a minor file a separate return. However, filing a separate return is an option here. This could serve as a great financial lesson that introduces your child to filing taxes, setting up for refunds, and otherwise understanding how taxes work.

If you have any questions regarding filing taxes for a minor child, speaking with a tax professional is a wise move. It allows you to get explicit guidance relating to your unique situation, which is beneficial.

Filing Requirements May Vary

Additionally, it’s important to note that state filing requirements for minor children can vary. While they often align with the federal thresholds, there can be some variances that alter the picture. As a result, you’ll want to research the rules in your area. This will help to determine if your child has to file separately or if they can be on a parent’s return. When in doubt, speak with a tax professional operating in your state for additional guidance.

Does it surprise you to learn that minors still have to pay taxes? Do you think making minors pay taxes is a smart move or that they should be exempt? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

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How to Transfer Assets to Children Before Death

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If you are a parent, you already know it’s important to plan for your children in case something happens to you. One way to do this is by transferring assets to them before you die and in your estate planning. This can be done in a number of ways, and each has its benefits. In this blog post, we will discuss the different options available to you and how each can help protect your children’s future.

Remember: Generational Wealth building isn’t just for parents: grandparents, aunties, and uncles can change the shape of the entire next generation.

Work with A Family Law Attorney and a Tax Planner

family law attorney

There are many different ways to transfer assets to your children, and almost all of them require a lawyer and have tax implications. It is important to consult with an attorney as well as a tax planner, both to choose the transfer structure that is right for you and also to ensure that the documents are compliant with Federal and State property and tax law.

Draw Up a Will

One way to transfer assets to your children before death is through a will. A will is a legal document that outlines how you would like your assets to be distributed after you die. A will doesn’t actually transfer ownership of your assets until after you die, but it can be used to specify exactly who should receive what.

If you have a will, it is important to keep it up-to-date as your life and circumstances change. You should also review it regularly with a family law attorney to make sure it still meets your needs.

One important note: a will is great for establishing your wishes for the distribution of your assets are followed, but it will not keep your estate out of probate. Probate is the legal process of distributing a person’s assets after they die, via the courts in your state. It can be time-consuming and expensive, if you have substantial or complex assets, so many people choose a trust.

Create and Move Assets Into A Trust

will and trust documents

A trust is an arrangement in which one person (the trustee) holds and manages property for another person (the beneficiary). It’s a critical part of estate planning. Transferring assets into a trust can help avoid probate because the trustee can distribute the assets according to your wishes without having to go through the court system.

Moving assets into a trust that can be managed by a trustee will give your children access to the assets when they reach a certain age while ensuring that the assets are managed responsibly.

One common type of trust is a living trust, which is created during your lifetime. You can name yourself the trustee, which gives you control over the assets during your lifetime. Then, when you die, the trust remains in force and the beneficiary can receive the assets without having to go through probate. You can even trigger the execution of your trust before you pass away.

This is a good option if you want to maintain control over the assets during your lifetime, but also want to avoid probate.

Name Beneficiaries on Financial Accounts and Insurance Policies

name beneficiaries

Most financial accounts and life insurance policies allow you to name a beneficiary. This means that the account or policy will be transferred to the named beneficiary upon your death, without having to go through probate. Having updated beneficiaries is the cheapest and easiest way to transfer assets such as retirement accounts, bank accounts, and life insurance policies.

It is important to review your beneficiaries regularly and update them as needed, especially after major life events such as marriage, divorce, birth, or death. This can be especially important for single parents and blended families.

Transfer Assets During Your Lifetime

Another way to transfer assets to your children before death is through a gift or by selling the asset to them for less than its fair market value.

The upside of this option is that you are still around to help them manage the asset. The downside is that lifetime transfers have serious tax implications that vary depending on the value of the asset and your state’s laws.

Gift Assets to Your Children

You can give $16,000 per year, per child (or any other recipient) without needing to file any tax forms or pay any tax. If you are married, you and your spouse can each give $16,000, for a total of $30,000 per child. More importantly, the current (2022) Federal gift tax lifetime limit is $12.06 million per person, and you can also double it if married. While it would require you to file a form, gifts of any size can be given to your children without owing any gift tax, as long as the total amount gifted during your lifetime does not exceed the $12.06 million limit.

Sell Assets to Your Children for Less Than Their Fair Market Value

sell assets to children

You can also sell assets to your children for less than their fair market value. This is The most advanced move, absolutely requires a competent lawyer and tax planner, and is generally most appropriate for family businesses. Generally, this involves a contract in which you sell the asset to your children for an agreed-upon price that is less than the fair market value.

There are a few different ways to transfer assets to your children before death. The most common ways are through a trust, naming beneficiaries on financial accounts and insurance policies, or transferring the assets during your lifetime.

Each method has its benefits and drawbacks, so it is important to discuss your options with a family law attorney and tax professional to choose the option that best suits your family.

Pros and Cons of Self-Employment

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self-employment

The number of businesses that have started since the start of the pandemic has shot through the roof. People realized how short life can be and decided to take their earning potential and work-life into their own hands. Here are a few stats to illustrate the self-employment picture in the U.S.:

  • As of 2019, the self-employed section of the population accounted for nearly 30% of total employment (Source).
  • As of November of 2021, there are 9.9 million self-employed people in the United States.
  • 96% of self-employed people don’t want regular jobs (Source)

Business structures

Sole proprietorship – There is no separate business entity. You are the business entity. That means your assets and liabilities are your assets and liabilities. Banks are more hesitant to lend to sole proprietors than they are for other entity types.

Partnership (LP/LLP) – An limited partnership (LP) has one general partner with unlimited liability and all the other partners have limited liability. Creditors can come after all of the general partner’s assets including things they personally own. Limited liability partners can only lose what they put in. A limited liability partnership provides limited liability to all partners. Profits are paid through on personal tax returns, except for the general partner – they must pay self-employment taxes.

LLC – Very similar to the LLP in terms of how profits, losses, and liabilities are treated. Profits are passed through to employees on personal returns. However, members of the LLC are required to file and pay self-employment taxes. 

Retirement plan options

As a self-employed individual, you have a few options when it comes to retirement accounts – Traditional IRA and Roth IRA (available to everyone), SIMPLE IRA, Solo 410(k), and SEP IRA.

Traditional IRA and Roth IRA – Contribution limits up to $6,000 ($7,000 if you’re 50 and older). Withdrawals prior to 59 ½ are subject to a 10% tax penalty unless certain conditions are met.

SIMPLE IRA – available to employers with fewer than 100 employees. Contribution limits up to $14,000 ($17,000 if 50 or older). Employer match available.

Solo 401(k) – Contribution limit is $61,000 ($67,500 if 50 or older). Available to self-employed individuals and self-employed individuals that have their spouse as their only employee.

SEP IRA – Contribution limit is 25% of employee compensation up to $61,000.

Click here for more information about business retirement plans.

Be your own boss

You get to set your own hours and work with whoever you want to. There’s no one to tell you what to do and how to do it. For people that like to make their own schedule and like to go to the beat of their own drum, self-employment makes a lot of sense.

Earning potential

There’s no ceiling on your earning potential. You don’t have a salary range, you make what you make. You can make $10,000 or you can make $10 million. That’s a double-edged sword though, your effort determines your income. You will only make money if you work for it. Someone who isn’t a self-starter, should not be self-employed.

Costs

You have to pay for everything. Whatever the cost of business is for your sector or industry, that’s on you. Health insurance, you have to pay for that. There’s no business or employer that can foot those costs for you. Same with your retirement plan, a lot of employers offer an employee match. If you’re the business owner and the employee, ALL of your contributions are your responsibility.

Related reading:

6 Ways to Save Money When You’re Self-Employed

How to Be Self-Employed Safely and Wisely

Disclaimer:

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

Tax Tips for Tax Time

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April is fast approaching and soon, everyone will have to visit their accountants and file their taxes. That said, we need to make sure we are filing taxes correctly. Keeping accurate and up-to-date records is important. Here are some tax tips and how to be well-prepared for tax time.

Contribute to retirement accounts

If you haven’t done so yet, or you’d like to contribute more, you have until tax filing day to do so. For a refresher, here are the contribution limits for some IRAs: IRA/Roth IRA – Max contribution is $6,000 ($7,000 if you’re over 50 or older).

If you have a SEP IRA and you get an extension, you have until October 17, 2022, to make your 2021 contribution.

This is more of a tip for the end of the year, but make sure you take your Required Minimum Distributions. For people that are either over 70 ½ or over 72, depending on when you turned those ages, you need to withdraw money from your IRA. If you don’t, you’ll pay a tax penalty of 50% of the amount you should have withdrawn. For example, if your required amount was $10,000. You’ll pay a $5,000 tax penalty if you didn’t take that distribution.

Make a last-minute estimated payment

If you didn’t pay enough or you didn’t make a payment to the IRS for 2021 taxes, you have until you file to make your payment.

According to the IRS rules, you must pay 100% of last year’s tax liability or 90% of this year’s or you will owe an underpayment penalty.

Get tax docs in order

Get all of your tax documents in order. For earnings for the year, you’ll need one to several forms, depending on what you do for a living and how your business is set up. W2s are pretty common. If you’re an independent contractor, you’ll need 1099. 

Itemize your deductions

Most people will take the standardized deduction, which is $12,550 for single filers and $25,100 for married couples filing jointly.

However, if you are self-employed or you have a lot of expenses that are tax-deductible, itemize your deductions. You could save a lot more money IF your total itemized deductions are larger than the standardized deduction.

Home office tax deduction

With the move to work from home still taking place, it might make sense to take advantage of the home office tax deduction. Here are some of the rules:

  • You must use the space exclusively for business
  • Expenses related to the space used for business are tax-deductible but need to be calculated according to the amount of square footage used for business
  • A lot of taxpayers stay away from this deduction, as they think it’s a red flag for an audit. If you’re legitimately using the space as you say and you aren’t fabricating numbers, then you have nothing to worry about

Last-minute tax tips for tax time

Triple-check your work if you prepared your own taxes and file on time. If you’re having someone prepare your taxes on your behalf, make your appointment ASAP because their calendars will fill up really fast.

Related reading:

Tax Tips for Small Business Owners

Are You Ready for Tax Time?

Why Financial Literacy is Important

Disclaimer:

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

Now is The Time to Get Prepared For Tax Season-Are You Ready?

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get prepared for tax season

As the new year draws nearer, it means that tax time is also on the horizon. While many people assume that you don’t need to prepare in advance, getting ready now has benefits. It lets you ensure that you can gather all of the information you need and make certain critical choices, simplifying your filing when the time arrives. If you want to get prepared for tax season, here are some tips that can help.

Decide How You Want to File

One step that you likely want to take now is deciding how you want to file. That way, you can make arrangements in advance, if necessary, ensuring you can use your method of choice.

If your taxes are straightforward, using online tax software and e-filing could be your best bet. Many online solutions are easy to use and can handle most basic tax situations, allowing you to tackle the paperwork confidently. For those with simple taxes that fall within the income limits, you may even be able to handle your filing using an online service for free, which is a boon.

If your tax situation is inherently complex or changed significantly during 2021, then you may want help from a professional. In that case, you’ll want to start researching your options immediately. Many CPAs or similar tax professionals have limited room in their schedules during tax season. As a result, you want to be able to make arrangements early, ensuring you can secure a spot.

Start Gathering Documents

While many tax documents won’t become available until after the start of 2022, there are some that you can start pulling together now. For example, if you have business or healthcare expenses that might be deductible, get your receipts and other associated records gathered now. That way, you can get a jump start on your tax preparations, ensuring you aren’t scrambling when it’s time to file.

You may also want to review your income records. If you have pay stubs, paid invoices, or similar documents available, get them together. The same goes for any quarterly tax payments you’ve made throughout the year if you’re self-employed or earn income from a similar arrangement. That way, you can use the information to estimate what you owe in comparison to what’s been withheld or paid. Not only does that decrease the likelihood of a surprise sizable tax bill when you file, but it also gives you a chance to pay what you owe now instead of risking penalties for being behind.

Check Out Available Tax Breaks

There are many scenarios that can make someone eligible for a tax break. Along with business and healthcare expenses – as discussed above – charitable donations, having a home office, using your car for work, or other situations may lead to deductions or credits.

Spend some time exploring the various tax breaks. That way, you can see if you’re accidentally overlooking an opportunity to save that you’re allowed to seize and will have time to pull together any information you need to claim it when filing.

Learn How Life-Changing Events May Impact Your Taxes

Certain life-changing events can have a significant impact on your taxes, causing what you owe to change dramatically in comparison to the previous tax year. Getting married or divorced both fall in the category, as well as adding or losing a dependent.

Buying a house, going to college, or losing a job also alter your taxes. The same goes for retiring from the workforce and tapping your retirement accounts. In some cases, certain health-related changes – such as going blind – may impact what you owe. The same goes for being affected by a natural disaster.

Usually, it’s best to consider all of the life-changing events you experienced during 2021. That way, you can look into how they may affect your taxes when you file, ensuring you’re ready for the impact in advance.

Review Your Stimulus and Advanced Child Tax Credit Payments

In 2021, some unique events occurred that may impact your taxes when you file. First, a stimulus payment went out in March. If you received one, you’d simply note that when filing. However, if you didn’t, you may qualify based on your 2021 return. As a result, it’s critical to check and confirm if you received a payment to ensure you can note that when filing.

Similarly, taxpayers that received advanced child tax credits will need to review what they received during 2021. That way, it can be appropriately represented on your taxes. While the IRS will send out notifications, like in January 2022, it’s best to research the situation ahead of time. That way, if there’s a chance that you were overpaid, you can prepare for that.

Max Out Retirement and HSA Contributions

Mazing out your retirement contributions is a smart move as the year draws to a close. If you’re adding money to a tax-deferred account, you’ll also reduce your taxable income for this year, lowering your tax bill for 2021.

The contribution limits for 2021 are $19,500 for 401(k)s and $6,000 for IRAs. However, those who are eligible for catch-up contributions can add another $6,500 and $1,000, respectively, so keep that in mind.

It could also be wise to contribute more to your health savings account (HSA) if you have a high-deductible plan. With those, you can deduct the contributions when you file your taxes, as well as secure tax-free earnings and withdrawals if you use the money for qualifying health-related expenses.

Do you have any tips that can help someone get ready for tax season? Do you feel prepared for the upcoming tax season, or do you wish that you had more time? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

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Work From Home? Here’s How to Take The Tax Deduction

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work from home tax deductions

If you’re self-employed. You may be eligible for a variety of tax deductions designed to reduce your tax burden. Overlooking these deductions means potentially paying more in taxes than necessary. Something that isn’t ideal for anyone. If you want to make sure you get every deduction you’re eligible to snag. Here are some work from home tax deductions that you should take advantage of if you qualify for them.

Home Office

If you have either a separate home office or a designated spot in your home where you work. You may be eligible for a home office deduction. The IRS does require that the space be used “exclusively and regularly” for work. Though, for many self-employed professionals who mainly handle computer-based tasks. This requirement is often fairly simple to meet.

With this deduction, you have two potential approaches. If you’re looking for the easiest option, go simplified. With that, self-employed individuals have the ability to deduct $5 per square foot of office space, up to a total of 300 square feet.

If you aren’t afraid of handling some calculations. You can use the regular method. With that, you can calculate the percentage of your home that you are using for work only. Then, apply that percentage to eligible housing related costs. Which allows you to determine what portion of the allowable expenses are deductible.

In many cases, it’s wise to run both options to determine which approach results in the largest deduction. Just make sure that you handle the calculations carefully to ensure accuracy when you go through the more complex method.

Health Insurance

If you’re self-employed, bought your own medical coverage, and aren’t eligible for coverage through a spouse’s employer, you may be able to deduct the cost of your premiums. Technically, this isn’t a deduction. Instead, it’s an income reduction, so you don’t necessarily have to itemize to claim this benefit.

Vehicle Expenses

If you drive your car as part of your self-employment business, you may be eligible for vehicle expense tax deductions. Usually, you’ll get a specific amount per mile driven, allowing you to recoup some of the financial loss related to greater wear and tear on your car.

Claiming this deduction does require an accurate log of your miles traveled for business purposes. However, it can be substantial, so it’s worth keeping those records to reduce your tax burden.

Plus, there are also potentially deductible vehicle costs. For example, gas, parking fees, tolls, repairs, and similar expenses related to business-connected travel may be claimable.

Self-Employment Tax

While it may seem odd, it is possible to snag a tax deduction for paying self-employment tax. Self-employment tax is the Social Security and Medicare tax that people who are self-employed have to pay and comes in at a rate of around 15.3 percent.

With traditional employment, the employer and employee split that tax burden. If you’re self-employed, you have to pay it all. But you also get to deduct half of the amount you pay when you file your taxes, helping you to reduce some of that burden.

Internet and Phone

If you use your home internet for work or have a separate phone for business purposes, you can deduct the portion of your bill that aligns with your business use. For example, if half of your internet time is work-related, half of your internet bill can be a deductible expense. If you have a separate phone line for business calls that is only used for that purpose, that is 100 percent deductible.

Trade Publications, Memberships, or Subscriptions

Self-employed individuals who pay for specialty publications, memberships, or subscriptions that directly align with their work can deduct the cost as a business expense. The most critical part of the equation is that the content is specialized. For example, a trade magazine counts, while a national newspaper does not, as the latter is too general to be profession-specific.

Educational Expenses

Educational expenses related to honing work skills in your current self-employment field can be deductible. The course or skill has to connect to your existing business, not something you hope to do later or anything you do for personal growth. For example, a self-employed web developer can deduct the cost of a course on responsive design but wouldn’t be able to take the deduction for a yoga class or music theory course.

Advertising

If you spend money to advertise your business, that cost is deductible. This can include any kind of paid-for ad, including Facebook or Google ads, television commercials, bench ads, or mailed flyers.

Business Insurance

In most cases, business insurance premiums are deductible. There are some nondeductible premiums, though, so it’s wise to review IRS guidance to determine which ones you can use to reduce your tax burden.

Office Equipment and Supplies

In many cases, office equipment or supplies that you purchase to use for your self-employed business can reduce your tax burden. The value of the items may determine what kind of deduction or benefit you receive, as high-cost items like computers may be treated differently than pens and paper.

Credit Card and Loan Interest

If you paid interest on a business purchase because you used a credit card or loan to cover the cost, you might be able to deduct the interest. The card or loan doesn’t necessarily have to be a business one. However, you usually need to use that card or loan solely for business purposes to claim the deduction cleanly.

Travel (Including Meals)

If you’re gone on business, some of your travel-related costs are deductible. Plane tickets, hotel stays, Uber rides, and similar expenses that you incur while away from home handling a work-related activity can potentially qualify. Similarly, certain meal-related costs may be deductible, including if you take a client out for dinner or have to pay for meals because you are on the road.

Retirement Contributions

If you have a self-employed retirement plan – like an SEP IRA, Solo 401(k), or SIMPLE IRA – you can potentially deduct the contributions. This can be a boon if you save up to the contribution limit, though it does make a difference even if you are setting aside less than that each year.

Qualified Business Income

A newer self-employed tax deduction, the qualified business income deduction allows self-employed individuals – as well as some small business owners – to deduct part of their business income when they file their taxes. Your total taxable income from all sources does have to be below a set threshold to qualify. But if it is, you may be able to deduct 20 percent of your taxable business income.

Do you know of any other work from home tax deductions? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

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Are Business Gifts Tax Deductible?

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How do you strengthen relationships with customers and/or business partners? A tried and true way is using gifts. However, gifts cost money, so the next question is, are business gifts tax deductible?

The straight answer is yes, but it’s much more nuanced than that.

There are limitations

Business gifts are tax deductible, up to a certain dollar amount. You can deduct no more than $25 of the cost of the gift you give to each person through the course of the year.

Incidental costs such as engraving, packaging, and shipping are not included in the $25 limit as long as it doesn’t add substantial value to the gift.

Gifts that cost $4 or less are not included in the $25 limit IF the company name is permanently placed on the item and the gift is widely distributed.

Entertainment

Any item that can be considered a gift or entertainment is usually considered entertainment and is deducted at 50% of the value of the gift. For purchases that fall under both categories, use the “gift deduction” on lower-cost items and the “entertainment deduction” on items larger than $50.

Gifts to others

If you and your spouse give gifts to the same person, you’re treated as one taxpayer. The same rule applies to partnerships.

Gifting to a customer’s family counts as a gift to that customer, unless the customer’s family member(s) is a client as well.

The $25 limit only applies to gifts given to individuals. Gifts given to other companies, generally, don’t apply and are fully tax deductible.

Gifts to employees are taxable compensation.

Other relevant information

Keep adequate documentation that includes the purpose of the gift, what was spent, the date of purchase, and the business relationship.

Gifts given to a 501(c)3 non-profit are tax-deductible. Up to 25% of taxable income for a corporation.

A large majority of the information I have listed above came from the IRS publication about “Gift taxes”.

Related reading:

Some Often Overlooked Tax Deductions for Business Owners

 

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see the website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

Why Understanding Your Paycheck Stub Is Important

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Understanding your paycheck stub is essential. Your paycheck stub is included when you get paid. Whether you do direct deposit or get paper checks, the pay stub will show important information about your pay.

There are several key pieces to the paycheck stub – gross earnings, taxes, deductions, and net earnings. There are also other, seemingly, unimportant things on your paycheck. The information included on a paycheck stub include:

  • Hours works
  • Wages earned – gross and net
  • Overtime
  • Benefits – i.e. health insurance premium payment, retirement plan contributions
  • Taxes – federal, state, fica (social security 6.2, medicare 1.45, and .9 surtax if you earn over $200,000
  • Year to date info – hours, wages, taxes, benefits, etc.\
  • Personal information – name, address, social security number
  • Date of pay period
  • Pay rate
  • PTO, sick days, vacation days

Why is understanding your paycheck sub so important?

A pay stub is a way of keeping accurate records. It shows what employees worked, what they were paid, what taxes were taken out, retirement contributions, etc.

Because it’s your responsibility to report and address discrepancies. If you think you got paid less than you were supposed to or worked more than what’s reported, you need to bring that up. If your deductions (retirement plan contributions, taxes, health insurance premiums) appear to be less or more than you assumed, you need to bring that up.

Why are those things important?

  • What you earn is what allows you to afford to live. If you worked more or worked overtime, and it wasn’t reported correctly, your paycheck can suffer.
  • Taxes are incredibly important – if you expect to get money back on your tax return, but come to find out they weren’t withholding enough, you can end up owing instead. Your withholdings are very important to understand.
  • Health insurance premiums – if you’re not paying enough, your policy can cancel due to non-payment. What happens then? You go to the doctor and pay through the nose because you don’t have coverage?
  • Retirement plan contributions – If they “contribute” too much, you will have less on your check. If they “contribute” too little, your nest egg will suffer.

Paycheck stubs are incredibly important. They help you and your employer keep track of pertinent information, like taxes, health insurance premiums, retirement plan contributions, and your salary. Make sure you understand it and make sure you address any sort of discrepancy. That’s your responsibility.

Related reading:

Paycheck Stubs

Three Accounting Tools Every Small Business Needs

Does Health Insurance Affect Your Taxes

Is It Safe to Throw Away Bank Statements?

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Before we answer the question as to whether or not it’s safe to throw away bank statements, we need to cover how long you should keep certain statements. The following list is provided by TrueShred.

Statements to shred right away:

  • Sales receipts (unless you need them for tax purposes; in that case, scan them first)
  • ATM receipts
  • Packing slips and online purchase orders
  • Canceled and voided checks (that aren’t tax-related)
  • Utility, internet, and cell phone bills (once paid)
  • Credit card, insurance, and bank account solicitations that come in the mail
  • Expired warranty coverage
  • Correspondences from the DMV or IRS (once settled)
  • Travel-related materials (besides your passport)

List of documents to throw out after 3 years

  • Bank statements
  • Credit card statements (once paid)
  • Pay stubs (once checked against your W-2 for accuracy)
  • Medical bills (once paid and free of insurance disputes)



List of documents to throw out after 7 years

  • Tax returns
  • W-2s
  • Tax-related receipts and canceled checks
  • Records for any tax deductions you took
  • Other tax records

List of documents to throw out (variable intervals)

  • Auto titles (keep for as long as you own the car)
  • Home deeds (keep for as long as you own the property)
  • Disputed medical bills (keep until the issue is resolved)
  • Home improvement receipts (keep until you sell your house and pay any related capital gains taxes)

List of documents to keep forever

  • Birth certificates
  • Adoption papers
  • Social Security cards
  • Marriage certificates
  • Divorce decrees
  • Citizenship papers
  • Passports
  • Death certificates

You should keep these documents in a very safe place. I’d recommend a fireproof safe to keep these things protected.

How should you dispose of sensitive documents?

It is safe to throw away your bank statements, as long as you do so in a particular fashion. If you have a significant amount of paperwork, hire a shredding service. If you don’t have that type of volume, put it through a shredder. Tearing the papers up once or twice won’t do the trick.

Another safe disposal method, as recommended by Patch.com is to wrap up unused or spoiled food with the sensitive documents, and throw them in the refuse bin. Scavengers are more likely to “skip over” the refuse bin when they’re looking for sensitive information for identity theft purposes.

Below, are several ways to dispose of your sensitive documents without the use of a shredder. This list is provided by WigglyWisdom.com.

  1. Hand shred – tear up the paper with your hands. Make sure you tear the vital information and place it in separate recycling bins.
  2. Burn them – local ordinances can hinder your ability to do this, so be sure to check the laws for your municipality. Tear up the paper first, in the same way, you would for point #1, in case a piece of paper flies away.
  3. Compost – paper breaks down and can add carbon to your compost pile.
  4. Soak them in water – 24 hours in a bucket of water can leave your documents illegible.

There are three other items on that list if you’d like to learn a little more.

Conclusion

Bank statements and other financial documents contain incredibly sensitive information. It’s important you a) keep proper records and b) dispose of these items in a safe manner.

Related:

Earlier this year, I wrote a piece about the most important financial documents. If you’d like to learn more, go check that out here.

 

**Securities offered through Securities America, Inc., Member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory services offered through Securities America Advisors, Inc. Securities America and its representatives do not provide tax or legal advice; therefore, it is important to coordinate with your tax or legal advisor regarding your specific situation. Please see website for full disclosures: www.crgfinancialservices.com

How to Avoid NJ Exit Tax

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Federal income taxes are the same for every state. The only difference is how much money you make and what tax bracket you fall in.

State taxes are a completely different story because each state has its own rules. New Jersey is a perfect example with their “Exit Tax”. In this article, we’ll talk about ways to avoid NJ exit tax.


 

What’s the deal?

When you sell your NJ home and then move out of state, you have to pay the NJ exit tax.

When you sell a home, regardless of the state you live in, you have to pay tax on any gains you made. How much tax you pay depends on how long you owned and lived in the home.

According to NJMoneyHelp.com, “On June 29, 2004, New Jersey enacted P.L. 2004, Chapter 55, which requires sellers of real estate who are not residents of New Jersey to make an estimated income tax payment on the gain from the sale.”

It has nothing to do with selling and moving out of state. It’s just about selling the home and paying taxes on any gains made at the time of closing. The rule was enacted to ensure that NJ would receive the taxes owed on the property regardless if the seller was an NJ resident or not.

If you do not fill out one of the forms (see below) and pay the estimated taxes owed, the deed may be rejected.

Exemptions

There are 1 of 4 forms that you need to file when selling a home in NJ. Form GIT/Rep 3 Seller’s Residency Certification/Exemption – has 8 exemptions. The first applies to NJ residents. The remaining exemptions are listed below:

  • Real property was used as a principal residence and qualifies under IRC Section 121 of the Internal Revenue Code which excludes up to $500,000 of gain for married taxpayers, $250,000 for single taxpayers. Remember this does not include vacation or investment homes.
  • Addresses a mortgagor conveying the property to a mortgagee in foreclosure.
  • Seller is a governmental agency.
  • Seller is not an individual, estate, or trust, i.e. corporation, partnership, etc…
  • Total consideration is $1,000 or less
  • Gain from the sale will not be recognized if qualified under Sections 721 (contribution to a partnership), 1031 (like-kind exchanges), 1033 (involuntary conversions) and non-non-like kind property received
  • Transfer is by an executor/administrator of an estate pursuant to decedent’s Will

If one of these exemptions doesn’t apply to you, then you’ll have to pay tax on the proceeds and fill out Form GIT/Rep 1 or 2.

Conclusion

There are several ways to avoid NJ exit tax, but if you don’t qualify for one of those ways, make sure you fill out one of those forms and pay the taxes due.

Related Reading:

Should You Report Income From the Sale of Your Home on Your Income Taxes?

How is Passive Income Taxed?

Why Financial Literacy is Important