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The Real Cost of Waiting to Save

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What are your financial goals? Perhaps you want to save for retirement or your child’s education – it’s better to start sooner than later.

The ‘I’m young. I still have plenty of time to save money’ attitude could end up costing you a lot more time and money in the long term. Rather, speak to a financial advisor and with their guidance, decide on an investment or retirement product that will suit your needs.

The true cost

Every month that you choose to spend money that could potentially be saved, increases the amount that you’ll need to save to reach your ultimate financial objectives. There will also be a concurrent effect on when you will reach your goals. This is the case no matter which investment product you choose.

When it comes to investing, time can be your best friend or worst enemy. For example, if investments are returning 9% per year and you need to meet your objective in 10 years’ time, delaying saving for just 18 months will increase the amount you need to save per month by more than 25%. In addition, if your timeframe is five years, an 18-month delay results in more than a 50% increase in the amount you will have to save on a monthly basis.

One of the key factors to extracting maximum benefit from your chosen investment is to understand that this is a long-term commitment. Market fluctuation can influence an investor to panic and cause them to sell or switch accounts too quickly.

Fluctuation exists on paper and is not a risk in itself unless you withdraw or switch when your investment has lost value. If you do this, and reinvest when the market has improved, you’ll be starting from scratch. Rather, keep a level head and stay focused on your long-term objective.

Long-term objectives beat short-term gratification

You want to make significant returns on your investment and that’s why the combination of having a clear plan of your financial objectives and choosing the right unit trusts and/or investment product(s) are important.

For example, if you’re looking for a short-term investment that is stable but can still offer greater returns than a bank deposit, a money market fund is advisable. There is potential to make some short-term gains even if you’re making small contributions. The money is preserved and is accessible. However, it’s important to understand that the size of the returns is relative to the size of the contributions.

If you then decide to take that money and switch to a long-term investment fund such as an equity or balanced fund when the market looks appealing, you’re going to have to re-think your financial objectives. These funds require a long-term investment commitment, being comfortable with short-term ups and downs in order for compound interest to increase the value of your money over time.

In summary, whether you have short-term or long-term financial goals, starting to save as soon as possible can be beneficial when combined with a sound investment strategy.

 

5 Benefits of Having an EIN

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Your Internal Revenue Service – Employer Identification Number – Tax identification number or your IRS-EIN-Tax-ID is very easy to obtain. You can apply for this nine-digit number via a very easy five-minute process online or via fax.

Top 5 Benefits

To Establish the Legitimacy of Your Business With the IRS

Your EIN number is the easiest way that the IRS can confirm your identity as a business entity. It goes directly to establishing the legitimacy of your business. This is the top benefit of acquiring your EIN.

Through the course of your business, you will have to deal with the IRS a lot of times – at least once a year to pay your taxes — or to declare why you won’t be paying your taxes. It would be such a hassle if you have to prove the legitimacy of your business every time you have a transaction with them.

To Protect Your SSN

Your business entity is legally required to use your Social Security Number (SSN) or an EIN to conduct all transactions.

Like the EIN, your SSN is also a nine-digit number. However, the SSN is associated with you personally. Thus it would be dangerous if many people knew about it. If people knew your SSN, there would be a few transactions that they could make on your behalf.

That is why sole proprietors, while allowed to use their SSN for their official documents and transactions, are now also given the option of applying for and using an EIN instead.

To Apply for a Business Permit and to Hire Employees

Your business permit is another important document. It tells your customers that you have fulfilled all the requirements that the government has set for business entities. It certifies the quality and safety of your products. You cannot obtain your business permit without your EIN.

An EIN also allows you to hire quality employees who will help you expand your business.

To Apply for a Loan or for a Credit Card

Aside from the IRS, your business also needs to establish its legitimacy with the bank and other financial and lending institutions. This is important because there will be many transactions you will need to make with the bank.

Using your EIN, you may open a bank account; apply for loans, establish corporate business credit or apply for a credit card; establish pensions, retirement, or trust plans for your employees; and purchase another business.

To Make All Tax-Related Transactions

Let us expound on the importance of establishing your legitimacy with the IRS.

First, you need an EIN to file your tax return, specifically paying federal taxes online and filing annual tax returns. It is also needed to establish that you are qualified to withhold taxes.

To Create a Trust, Estate, or Non-Profit

Sometimes, your business has the capacity to branch out to give back to the community. You would think that the government would allow you to do this with the thanks of your fellow countrymen. You would be wrong. For this, you would still need to learn how to get an EIN for a trust, estate or non-profit.

So all in all, your EIN is not only beneficial but in fact essential to exist as a business entity.

 

Ultimate Estate Planning Guide

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Estate planning is a very important step in the financial planning process.

What does it mean, what are the steps, and what’s the most effective way to plan?

Let’s dive into these questions in this estate planning guide.

What is it?

Estate planning is the process of figuring out what you would like to happen to your assets when you pass away. Assets include retirement accounts, non-retirement accounts, and physical assets (house, cars, etc.).

What should I do?

  • Get an inventory – physical and non-physical items. Physical items can include property (primary residence, rental property, land, etc.), vehicles (cars, boats, recreational vehicles, etc.), and precious metals (gold bullion, silver bullion, etc.).
  • Make a list of all debts – Mortgage, personal loans, car loans, credit card debt, etc.
  • Make a charity list – Organizations and/or charities you would like to leave a specific amount of assets for.
  • Make a few copies and send these lists to your estate administrator (more on this below)
  • Review retirement accounts – Retirement accounts include traditional IRA, Roth IRA, Rollover IRA, and employer-sponsored plans like 401(k), SIMPLE IRA, SEP IRA, 403(b), and 457. (Click here to learn more about these plans). Whichever account(s) you have, make sure the beneficiary information is up to date.
  • Review life insurance policies and annuities – Same go for any insurance policies/annuities you may have. Make sure the beneficiaries are accurate and up to date.
  • Assign Transfer on Death (TOD) designations to non-retirement accounts. A non-retirement account includes individual brokerage accounts, savings accounts, money markets, CDs, etc.
  • Create a will or a trust (more on these below)
  • Get a list of accounts and passwords – any online account you may have, create a list of accounts, usernames, and passwords. This makes it easy for the person in charge of your estate (executor) to cancel all these accounts.
  • Visit some professionals – Meet with a financial professional and an estate attorney so they can review your plan and help you with any corrections or things that you’ve missed.
  • Consolidate your accounts – If you have several bank accounts or retirement plans from past employers, consolidate them into one account. This makes it much easier on the executor.
  • Select who you want to get what – Specify who you’d like to give your house too, cars, other physical assets, and money. You like to think that your family won’t fight over who gets what, but it happens very often, so take your time here.
  • Write a living will – A living will is a document that you put together that states what medical treatment you would like to have done and what medical treatment you would not like to have done if you are incapacitated and/or unable to make any decisions.
  • Establish power of attorney – A power of attorney is someone that you trust to make decisions for you. There is a medical power of attorney and a financial power of attorney.

Estate administrator

The person in charge of your estate. If you have a will, this person is called the executor. If you have trust, this person is called a trustee. If there is no person named in the will as executor and/or there is no trust/trustee named, the courts will appoint a personal representative.

This person collects assets, pays debts, and pays out any remaining assets. If a will or trust has been drafted, then the executor or trustee has to act in accordance with the will or trust.

Wills

A will is a legal document created by you and your estate attorney that specifies who will be your executor, the beneficiaries that will receive the assets that haven’t been specified yet (retirement accounts and TOD designations), and when those assets will be transferred.

Trusts

A trust is similar to a will in regards to it being the “playbook” on who is in charge and where your assets will go. It is different, however, because you can transfer ownership of assets to a trust and any asset owned by the trust will avoid the probate process.

Probate

A court-based process where the will (if one was written) is verified of its validity. If it is, the court then goes ahead and appoints the executor named in the will as the estate administrator. This gives that person the ability to act in accordance with the will to distribute assets.

If there is no will, then the deceased died intestate. The court then appoints an estate administrator and they distribute the deceased assets in accordance with state law. They are also tasked with tracking down heirs of the deceased.

This can be an expensive process, however, so planning ahead to avoid probate as much as you can is always beneficial.

Conclusion

As I said in the beginning, estate planning is an important step in your financial planning process. Hopefully, you’ve learned a lot about what’s involved and what you need to do to sure up your estate plan.

For more information about estate planning and for our disclosures, visit www.crgfinancialservices.com.

 

If reading this blog post makes you want to try your hand at blogging, we have good news for you; you can do exactly that on Saving Advice. Just click here to get started.

What’s a Tariff and How Will it Affect Me?

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Tariff. It’s a word that you’ve probably hear a lot lately, but do you know what it means, how it’s applied, and how it’ll affect you?

What is a tariff?

In its most basic form, a tariff is a tax on goods imported from other countries

Why are they used?

There could be several reasons why a country would impose tariffs on certain goods and/or certain countries. Here are several of them:

  • Protecting employment – This is the one you are hearing about right now. President Trump wants to place tariffs on Chinese made goods. This will increase the cost of goods, which could make employers manufacture the goods themselves, which could warrant more hiring and more working Americans.
  • Protecting consumers – Countries levy tariffs for this reason if they feel a product coming from another country could danger domestic consumers. For example, if we import chicken and find out this chicken could be tainted or harmful, a tariff could be assessed to this, and force U.S. citizens to buy domestically.
  • Infant industries – If a country has an industry or sector that’s just getting started, a country could impose tariffs on similar products in order to limit competition and help that new industry grow.
  • National Security – More often than not, this has to do with defense. Most countries will manufacture and supply it’s defenses with their own products for obvious reasons.
  • Retaliation – Like what we’re seeing right now. Countries will impose tariffs in response to tariffs being imposed on them.

How do they affect U.S. consumers?

Tariffs affect consumers in a few ways. The first and biggest impact is that goods and services could cost more.

For example, President Trump put a tariff on steel and aluminum. You know what uses a lot of steel and aluminum? Vehicles. The makers of those vehicles will then pass the increased cost down to the consumer.

Personal cars, farming equipment, etc. will now cost more as a result of those tariffs.

The other effect it could have is employment. As mentioned before, if imported goods cost as much or more as domestic products (post-tariffs) it makes U.S. employers manufacture those goods in The States.

With the rapid increase in product creation, these employers will need to hire workers to create these products.

On the flip side, it could also negatively affect employment. With the increased cost of goods, companies could lay off workers in order to reduce the impact of that increase in expenses.

How do they affect the stock market?

We are already seeing an impact on the market. People hear that their costs will go up, or they hear the phrase “trade war,” and they start to worry. We’ve seen an increase in volatility this year, and a lot of that is due to these talks.

Here’s the thing, a healthy majority of investing is psychological. So any news that frightens investors will have an impact on the stock market. Scared people sell, and level-headed and/or institutional investors buy at lower prices, hence the dramatic up and down movements.

Companies that import a lot of goods will see an increase in cost, which could hurt their bottom line. Also, companies that export a lot of goods could see decreased demand due to the retaliatory tariffs put on by China and other countries. Again, bottom line.

A lot of investors look at that bottom line to make investment decisions. If they see a decrease in revenues, they could sell.

Additionally, the tariffs placed by other countries on U.S. products could have a negative impact on entire industries/sectors, which could hurt the companies in those industries and their stocks as a result.

Conclusion

No matter your opinion of President Trump, these tariffs are a net negative for the consumer. The increase in costs to consumers could be much greater than the increase in domestic employment, which is one of the goals with these tariffs.

Whatever happens with this mess, it’s important to know what the tariffs will impact and how consumers, industries, and the economy will be affected.

For more information on how to plan for these tariffs, and for our disclosure visit www.crgfinancialservices.com.

Must Know Tips When Buying and Selling a House

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Seeing as the housing market is incredibly hot right now, I found it appropriate to talk about buying and selling a house.

This is a very big decision and can be an extremely stressful endeavor. You can alleviate some of that stress if you know what to do and what to expect.

Buying

Do your homework

Whether you are building new or buying an existing property, you need to do your homework. Hire reputable contractors, realtors, inspectors, etc. You can cheap out with these services, but over the long-term, it’ll cost you.

Always do the inspection

This is a must, must! The inspection can save you so much money! Say you visit a house and love it, but want to get in ASAP, so you skip the inspection. After a few months, you notice some significant shifting and cracking.

Guess what, you need your foundation fixed. That could run you, depending on the severity of the issue, $20,000 or more.

Another example and costly example would be a roof replacement.

Not only can it save you money, but some issues found in the inspection can be added to your contract. If the inspector comes back with some issues, you can include that in your amended contract, and have the seller fix whatever the issue is before closing.

Finances

There are many financial conditions that come into play when buying a house.

  • Hidden costs – Inspection, appraisal, down payment, earnest money, etc.
    • Once you own it – property taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, etc.
  • Pre-approval – Get this done by a lender before you buy. If you have a pre-approval when you make an offer, your offer is more competitive
  • Improve your credit – Having your credit in the best possible condition is a must. A higher credit rating can lower your rate and could increase the amount you’re approved for.
  • Stay on budget – Don’t buy more house than you can afford. Live within your means and look for a price that’s below your pre-approval amount.
  • Avoid big purchases and new credit – This goes along with the rate you get and the approval process.
  • Debt/income ratio – This is one of the big parts in the approval process for your mortgage. The lender compares your income to all of your outstanding debt, along with what your possible mortgage payment will be. Income/debt ratio should be 43% or below.
  • What you need – W2s, tax returns, paycheck stubs, verification of employment

Selling

Clean and declutter

Make your home spotless. Vacuum and put lines in the carpet if you can. Sweep and scrub floors. Clean windows. Make sure the kitchen and bathrooms are especially clean.

Take pictures and art off of the walls, and leave minimal amounts of furniture. People want to walk into a home and imagine their art and their furniture. They want to “make themselves at home,” and imagine what it would be like if they lived there.

Fix the big issues

This could come out during the inspection too, but fix blatant, big issues. Roof repairs/replacement, furnaces, air conditioning units, etc. The goal is for someone to buy your house, so if you have the big issues taken care of, people have fewer excuses to say yes.

Curb appeal

Trim the hedging, cut the grasses, and make that garden look perfect. You need people to say wow before they walk in. If they love the house before they step inside, they’ll be in a better state of mind going in.

If your yard is ugly and they know it, they’ve already been disappointed, and everything they see inside won’t be as impressive.

Get the word out

Put that house on every and any social media, website, etc. as you can. Hopefully, your realtor does a lot of this for you, but the more people know about it the better.

Make sure you tell your neighbors also because the people who buy your house will, obviously, be living next to your neighbors. They want good people next door. Preferably, someone they know and trust.

Conclusion

Buying and/or selling a home is a very important decision, and probably the biggest purchase you’ll ever make.

Use these tips to help you through the process.

To learn more about the financial aspect of buying or selling a home, and for our disclosures, visit www.crgfinancialservices.com.

 

If reading this blog post makes you want to try your hand at blogging, we have good news for you; you can do exactly that on Saving Advice. Just click here to get started.

How does Investment Strategy Change with Age?

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As we all know, as we age and our lives change. Our financial responsibilities and investment strategies change along with it.

In most cases, there are two truths to abide by. You have saved as much as you can and invest according to your risk tolerance, time horizon, and goals.

But what else is there? How do my financial life and my investment strategy change with time?

Starting career

Either you are just out of school or have been in the workforce for a few years. Regardless of which path you came from, there are two things on your list. Get rid of debt, or at least get it under control, and save for retirement.

There are several ways to plan for debt repayment.

  • Debt Snowball
  • Debt Avalanche
  • Balance transfers (credit cards)
  • Personal Loan (loan consolidation)
  • Refinance (student loans)

Check out this post on paying off your debt, here.

Step two is saving for retirement. If the company you work for offers a retirement plan, sign up for it. Max out your contributions if you can, but at the very least, contribute enough to get the employer match (if it’s offered).

Also, open a Roth IRA. If you have a little extra, contribute some to a Roth IRA in addition to your workplace plan.

Your investments. Time is your best friend at this point. Most of your investment allocation should be focused towards growth. Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket, diversify among stocks and bonds.

Again, the majority (at least 70%) of your portfolio should be in stocks, in some form or another.

Starting family

If you’re like the average American, your family starts to form around your 30th birthday. Hopefully, you’ve got a good head start on paying down your debt and saving for your retirement. Continue on that path.

With a family, comes saving for your kid’s college education, as well as other expenses (house, car, etc.). Contribute a little every month to a 529 College Savings Plan. The funds within this account can be invested aggressively, similar to your allocation in your twenties.

Your retirement savings is still in a good spot. Similar to your twenties, regarding the stock and bond allocation.

One last thing, get some disability and life insurance. If you have people that count on you, you need to protect them.

High earning years

More than likely, this will be your forties and fifties. At this point in your life, the average American is in their peak earning years, so take advantage of that and increase your retirement savings.

This will also be the time that your kids either go off to college or enter the workforce. Congratulations (kind of) you are empty nesters. You no longer have a college education to save for. More can go towards your retirement.

More than likely, though, you will have miscellaneous expenses from your kids that you will continue to pay for.

Your investment strategy will change slightly. You are getting closer to retirement so it’s time to start protecting what you’ve saved. A little less in stocks and a little more in bonds. Think 60/40 or 50/50.

Near retirement

You are in the home stretch! At this point, your debts (including your house, hopefully) should be paid off. All assets and your retirement savings should be looking healthy.

Your investment allocation will be similar to the last section. Definitely 50/50 if not 40/60, stocks to bonds.

Retirement

Congratulations, you’ve made it to your retirement. This can be liberating for some, but for others, this is an emotional challenge.

You’ve spent the last 40 or so years saving for retirement and now you are expected to start spending it. This is very tough for a lot of people.

From my experience and in my opinion, you should retain some sort of activity. Something that gets you out of the house, something that forces you to socialize, and something that makes you use your brain.

Staying social and sharp mentally could add some extra time to your life.

Your investments should be conservative. At least 40/60, but the more conservative the better. And it’s usually not a bad idea to keep some of your savings in cash, for emergencies such as health expenses (which will certainly go up at this point).

You don’t have many or any, more chances to earn more money, so it’s very important that you protect what you’ve saved.

Conclusion

The above information can be very useful to the average person. Paying off your debt and making your retirement savings a priority is very important.

Unfortunately, there is a retirement savings crisis in America. People aren’t saving nearly enough for retirement. They are counting on other sources, like Social Security or pensions to fund their retirement.

This isn’t enough. You won’t receive enough from Social Security to support yourself and pensions are few and far between, nowadays. We all need to do a better job of saving.

This article was created for informational purposes only. The above items are not to be taken for personal financial advice. Please consult with a professional about your personal situation.

To learn more about retirement savings and investing, and for our disclosures, visit our website: www.crgfinancialservices.com.

 

If reading this blog post makes you want to try your hand at blogging, we have good news for you; you can do exactly that on Saving Advice. Just click here to get started.

Everything You Need to Know to Set Up Your Own Emergency Fund

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How many of you have had an unplanned expense recently? How much was it $500? $1,000?

Unplanned expenses are anything but, unplanned. Sure, we don’t know when they will occur, but they will occur.

Being able to “plan” for those expenses will save you a lot of grief, and will probably save you money.

If you don’t have a rainy day fund, how do you pay for an unexpected expense? Your credit card?

Having an emergency fund has many benefits, and having one set up can make a big difference in your life. But how do you save for emergencies? What characteristics does an emergency fund have? And when should you use it?

What is an emergency fund?

It’s exactly how it sounds. It’s an account, usually a savings account or a money market account, that you designate for emergencies.

You set this up to “plan” for unexpected expenses. For example, you set aside money for the future in case your car breaks down or your furnace stops working.

Why do you need one?

The emergency fund is designed to save your monthly budget. Unexpected expenses can be expensive and can do significant damage to one’s monthly budget.

If you have money set aside for a rainy day and something unexpected happens, you can use the money from your emergency fund to pay for that expense. Your monthly budget isn’t affected at all.

What are the characteristics of an emergency fund?

There aren’t really many characteristics of an emergency fund. Here’s essentially what you need:

  1. You need an account separate from your checking account.
  2. This separate account needs to be easily accessible and liquid.1
  3. You should have 3-6 months worth of expenses saved in this account.
  4. You can have too much.
    1. Having 3-6 months, or even a year is fine, but anything else should be saved and invested for your retirement. (Savings accounts earn next to nothing in interest)

What strategies can you implement to save for an emergency?

There are many things you can do to save money for your emergency fund.

  1. Create a budget
    1. List your income
    2. List your necessary expenses (housing, transportation, food, etc.)
    3. List your discretionary spending (fun money)(keep this to a minimum)
    4. Compare income to expenses and adjust as necessary
  2. Reduce your expenses
    1. Cut the cable, use subscriptions instead
    2. Eat out less, or don’t eat out at all
    3. Rent movies, TV shows, and books from the library
    4. Walk or ride your bike instead of driving (when applicable)
    5. Control your utilities (open windows during summer, layer up during winter)
  3. Automate your savings – Set up automatic transfers from your checking to your savings. Have it take place at the first of the month or every Monday. If this happens first, you can’t spend it away.

When should you use it?

You should use your emergency fund whenever you have an unexpected expense that could disrupt your monthly budget.

Here’s a small list of examples:

  • Car repairs
  • Home repairs
  • Emergency, short-notice flights
  • Life expenses post-job loss

When shouldn’t you use it?

Your emergency fund shouldn’t be used on large once per year costs like:

  • Property taxes
  • Owed taxes
  • Holiday spending

Conclusion

Unplanned expenses can wreak a person’s monthly budget. It helps and makes a dramatic difference to have money set aside for a rainy day.

Besides the financial aspect of having an emergency fund, you also have a psychological benefit. Peace of mind knowing that you have money available if a large expense were to come into your life.

For more information about emergency funds and for our disclosures go to www.crgfinancialservices.com

If reading this blog post makes you want to try your hand at blogging, we have good news for you; you can do exactly that on Saving Advice. Just click here to get started.

Adulting 101: 5 Ways to Manage Your Money Like an Adult

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Being in your 20s is a wild ride. For one, you’re too old to still be dependent on your parents, but also too young to face the pressures and figure everything out. But the pressures of adulting demand that you figure it all out on your own. Then you reach your late 20s, and you’re expected to have mastered it all.

But what is all this adulting about anyway?

Well for one, it’s building that discipline needed to focus on the most important tasks at hand. It’s realizing that, you only really need to do things one at a time. But of course, the pressures and surge of hormones in our youth lead us to succumb to all kinds of distractions and it all gets tangled up into the blackhole of existential crisis.

So, in line with being focused and disregarding all the nonsense, I present to you the way you can manage your budget like an adult. If you’re still in your early 20s, well, awesome. Enjoy all the fun, confusion, and take all the lessons you can get. But, as tita as this may sound, it’s best that you learn all these values now, so you can get ahead of everyone in ‘adulting’. You’ll surely thank yourself later.

Consolidate All Your Monthly Bills

How much are you really paying every month? This should be your top priority, and not your FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) — on parties, scenes, and events. There’s no better feeling than the peace of mind that comes with being able to pay your bills on time. And with this practice comes the fulfilment of being financially independent, too.

If you’re still short on your monthly income and have a credit card, you’re lucky to have something to help you out on those Petsa de Peligro days. But learn to use your credit card wisely so you don’t get caught up in debt. Another solution for this is to look for side job opportunities on the internet, so you get to earn more money. Maybe even in US dollars, too, as most freelance contractors from the likes of Upwork are from the USA.

Setting Both Long and Short-Term Savings Goal

You’ll often hear this at job interviews. What are your goals five, ten years from now? And the right answer should be to see yourself climbing the corporate ladder in that company, to let them know you’re not going anywhere. That thought can change, sure, but the question is still important. What is all this hard work for without a goal, right?

Entry-level salaried employees should never set their goals merely based in their income.

Set bigger, realistic goals and a specific timeline. Do you want to own a house before you’re 30? That’s possible. Set bigger goals and your paycheck will follow. This is because you’ll program your mind to work double to get to that goal.

Start Investing

Entrepreneurs and financial advisers will have you know, letting loads of money sit idly in your bank would be a waste. If you have enough money saved up in the bank, find the right investment venture for you.

Invest in something you’re interested in, e.g. Stock Trading, or maybe a business you can start, with partners or by yourself. You can even opt for a personal loan to get that jumpstart if you already have a solid business plan.

Find ways to earn extra income

Let’s be honest, it wouldn’t be cool if you just kept living on a tight budget. If you’re the spaghetti head type who can’t be bothered to set a budget, then grow your money instead. If you have a skill you can monetize — web design, graphic design, writing, or being a consultant in your field of expertise, you get it — make money out of it.

Your 20s is about laying a solid foundation for your future. There will be a lot of distractions. But you wouldn’t want to get too caught up in those that you forget about your own well-being and future.

 

How Will You Generate Income In Retirement?

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Retirement income sourcesHow are you planning to generate income in retirement?

The first thing that comes to mind for a lot of people will be Social Security. That’s OK, but most people will need to have more than that if they want to retire comfortably (and there are those who are concerned that at least some of those benefits may not be there for future retirees when the time comes). Other people might be looking forward to pension income, though that’s less common than it used to be.

It’s useful to step back and take stock of the various potential sources of retirement income. Certain sources have more to recommend them, and certain asset class combinations will work better for some folks than others due to the assets’ risk profile, tax characteristics, and other qualities.

Interest

A recent Bloomberg story quotes a chief investment officer at Credit Suisse saying that treasury yields at 3.5% would pull people out of stocks and into fixed income. As we’re writing this, the 10-year Treasury yield is on the rise and the highest it has been since 2011 at nearly 3.1%.

Nobody knows for sure which way treasury rates are going, but those rates are worth paying attention to, for a few reasons. First, higher interest rates almost surely would lead to poor performance for bellwether retirement equity investments, such as those in the utility and telecom sectors. (More on this in a bit.) Second, a risk-free interest rate would be tough to ignore at some level as a source of income in retirement. We would probably put that level at around 4% (after all, why get a bond paying less than 4% when you can buy stocks that pay more than that and have been boosting the payout annually for 20 or 30 years?), but that will vary by individual circumstance and risk tolerance.

Not that treasuries are the only way to get interest income, of course. The best proxy for junk bonds, the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (HYG), yields 4.7%. The investment-grade version (the iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF (LQD) is around 4%.

Dividends

We mentioned utilities and telecoms earlier. These kinds of firms are generally big dividend payers. As such, when interest rates rise, their stocks often sell off, as suddenly there are other, less volatile sources of income–bonds–that compete with those dividends.

Now, if you are able to make ends meet on dividends alone (or close to it), the volatility may not matter. Stocks can bounce up and down and all around, but the dividends will keep coming (and even growing) regardless. In fact, when stocks are down, it could be time to consider adding to those holdings, assuming the companies’ businesses are still sound.

You may not be able to get to a place where dividends are your main source of income. But counting on dividends for some portion of retirement income makes sense for a lot of retirees. The year-in-year-out nature of the payments (for a lot of companies), the potential for growth in those payments, the potential for capital gains on the shares, and, not least, the taxes (which are 0% on qualified dividends for a lot of people) all add up to a compelling income source.

Principal

By definition, at retirement, full-time employment income stops, and it’s probably time to start spending down on all that money you saved over the years. That’s hard for a lot of people to get their heads around. After all, it means making a complete 180-degree turn to what you have been doing for probably decades.

So that’s worth thinking about in advance and preparing for. If seeing that balance dwindle each year is a concern, you might want to start conservatively on how much you plan to take out each year. It used to be a 4% drawdown rate was considered safe for most traditional retirees, but that’s no longer conventional wisdom. You might run some scenarios that target something closer to 2% or 3% and see if that allows you to sleep at night.

As with so much in retirement planning, though, much will depend on individual circumstances and sources of income. Someone with a solid pension and low living costs will probably need to take less out of their principal than others.

Capital Gains from Rebalancing

Rebalancing your portfolio isn’t controversial, though reasonable people can disagree about how often it should be done. Rebalancing refers to the simple concept that, over time, a portfolio of investments will have winners and losers, and the initial (presumably target) asset allocation–this much in growth stocks, that much in short-term bonds, and so on–will get out of whack. So, periodically, a portfolio needs to be put back into whack.

What’s not mentioned as often is that it’s possible to think of rebalancing as a source of income as well. Retirees could keep the piece that is a long-term gain and use it for living expenses, and still rebalance to the optimal asset allocation.

The obvious problem here is that markets don’t just go up; they go down too, sometimes for quite a while. So there’s an unpredictability to this source of income that makes it too undependable to be a core source of income for a retiree. But it is a source, and one that’s sometimes overlooked.

Income in Retirement

In the end, which sources you depend on for retirement income will come down to risk tolerance, personal preference, luck (at least a little bit helps), and how diligent you have been about saving through your working years. Knowing what those potential sources are and planning on how you might use them will take some of the surprises out of the process, and help make retirement go more smoothly.

 

How Long Are You Going To Live?

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How long are you going to live? Figuring out your life expectancy is arguably the first step in creating a successful retirement plan–and also arguably the toughest number to figure out. [Read more…]