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The Difference between an HSA and an FSA?

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Introduction

Nowadays, health insurance and the medical care you receive is expensive. There are some products available to help you with those expenses, however.

Enter in the HSA and the FSA. These two products are making it easier for consumers to save for and pay for medical care.

But how does each of them work? Which one is better?

What’s an HSA?

An HSA is a Health Savings Account. These types of accounts are available to people who have High-Deductible Health Plans (HDHP).

An HDHP is defined as a health insurance plan with a deductible of $1,350 for individuals and $2,700 for families, and an out-of-pocket maximum of $6,650 and $13,300, respectively.

An HSA is sometimes offered by the insurance company that provides the health insurance, but can often be applied for at many financial institutions.

An HSA has several key characteristics.

  • Contributions are made pre-tax or tax-deductible
  • Assets grow tax-free
  • Funds used on qualified medical expenses aren’t taxed upon withdrawal/use
  • The maximum contribution is $3,450 for individuals and $6,900 for families
    • Contribution max increases by $1,000 at age 55 or older
  • Can no longer contribute once 65 and on Medicare
  • Can invest contributions in mutual funds, stocks, and other investment products
  • Unused funds can be carried over year-after-year

Qualified medical expenses include the following.

  • Medical services
  • Emergency medical services
  • Medical equipment

You can find a complete list of eligible expenses here.

What’s an FSA?

An FSA is a Flexible Spending Account. Only employees of eligible employers qualify for an FSA.

There are several characteristics of an FSA.

  • Use it you lose it – Unused funds do not carry over from one year to the next
  • Contributions are made pre-tax via payroll deduction
  • Contribution maximum is $2,650. Your spouse can contribute an additional $2,650 too
  • Can be used on qualified expenses
    • Deductibles
    • Copayments
    • Medical services
    • Medical equipment
    • Prescription medication
    • Can’t be used on premiums
    • See the full list of qualified expenses here.
  • You may have two extra options available to you depending on your employer
    • You have an extra 2 ½ months to use up funds from the previous year
    • You can carry over $500 from the previous year

Which is right for you?

It very much depends on what is available to you. If you don’t have a High deductible health plan, then you are ineligible for an HSA. If your employer doesn’t offer an FSA, I’m sorry, that’s not available to you either.

If you have the option to pick between the two, most often I would lean towards the HSA and there are a few reasons why.

  • You are able to contribute more, which gives you more money to use on qualified expenses and could effectively lower your tax liability.
  • You can carry over unused contributions year-after-year.
  • This can be used as a retirement savings vehicle. Decades of contributions and compounding returns could give you a sizeable amount to use on medical expenses in retirement

You should not use an FSA if you are in good health. An FSA is more appropriate for someone with recurring and somewhat predictable medical expenses. If you are healthy, the odds of you contributing to an FSA and not using the funds, are pretty high.

Conclusion

Health insurance and medical care are expensive. Having an FSA or an HSA available to lessen the blow of those expenses is HUGE.

It is very important to know which one you can use, and which one would be the most beneficial to you.

Use this information to carefully select and effectively use what’s available to you.

To learn more about saving for medical expenses and for our disclosures go to www.crgfinancialservices.com.

 

Types of Life Insurance

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Insurance can take many forms, but one of the most important and often most overlooked is life insurance.

If you have a family or anyone that relies on you to support them, you need life insurance. Even if you don’t have a family, getting coverage now when it’s less expensive is a better alternative than waiting until you have a family, needing coverage, and paying more for it.

There are several different types of life insurance, however, and you need to know what they are before you can select the one that meets your needs.

What are the different kinds?

  • Term Life
    • Renewable
    • Level term
    • Decreasing Term
  • Whole Life
  • Universal Life
    • Guaranteed Universal
    • Indexed Universal
    • Variable Universal
  • Variable
  • Simple Issue
  • Guaranteed Issue

What are the characteristics?

  • Term – This is the cheapest form of life insurance you can buy. There are no bells and whistles to this type of policy. You are paying for the death benefit, and that’s it. It can expire with term lengths ranging from 5 to 30 years.
    • Renewable term – Smaller term lengths, but the policy automatically renews at the end of each term. There is a step up in premium at each renewal, though.
    • Level term – Most common form of term insurance. Death benefit and premium payments stay the same over the life of the policy.
    • Decreasing term – Death benefit and premium payment decrease over the life of the policy. People buy this because as they accrue more assets, the less they think they’ll need for a death benefit to support their family.
  • Whole life – Is one of the more expensive forms of life insurance. You are insured for your entire life, and there are no expiration dates. Additionally, the policy will build up cash value through an investment component. The average rate of return is around 2%-3%.
  • Guaranteed Universal – Cheaper than most other types of life insurance, except for term. Generates little cash value, less than whole life. Late payments can forfeit the policy, wasting every past premium payment. The death benefit will not change.
  • Indexed universal life – Cash value component is marked to an index, like the S&P 500. Upon inception, you decide on the participation rate. If you select 80%, you will participate in 80% of the index. For example, if the market goes up 10%, you only go up 8%. However, if the market goes down 10%, you don’t go backward. Your return for that period is 0%. Additionally, there can be a cap placed on the amount of gains that you make. Premium payments and death benefit can be flexible.
  • Variable Universal – Cash value is tied to an investment account. Requires hands-on management. Can take partial distributions or loans from the cash value. Unlike the indexed universal, the cash value in a variable policy can go backward if the investment account declines.
  • Simple issue – All of the above policies require a medical examination. This is part of the underwriting process and helps the insurance company calculate your insurability. A simple issue policy does not require an examination. You take a questionnaire and that is it. However, you can be turned down depending on your answers. If you lie, you can be charged with fraud if caught. Don’t lie.
  • Guaranteed issue – This is the most expensive form of insurance you can get. Reason being is there is no underwriting of any kind. You get the policy you apply for. The coverage amounts/death benefits available are low compared to other coverages, however.
  • There are a number of smaller or niche types of insurance, a good example of these are marriage insurance, burial insurance, or final expenses insurance.

Which one should you buy?

Good question. I guess it all depends on what you are willing to pay and the features you want in an insurance policy.

In my opinion, life insurance should be viewed as any other type of insurance policy. You are paying for protection and that should be it.

If you want money to accrue in a cash value account, determine what it would cost for a whole life policy, compare that to the cost of a term life, and invest the difference between the two.

However, there are certain life insurance companies, usually the bigger, better-known ones, that have made dividend payments to whole life insurance customers.

Over the life of the policy, that dividend can grow large enough to where it actually pays your premium for you. But this isn’t the case with all customers and dividends are not guaranteed.

There are generally two things to consider when picking out a policy.

One, what are you looking for? Do you just want straight life insurance? Or are you looking for a few more features, like cash value or a chance for growth?

Two, what can you afford? Regardless, you should have some form of insurance coverage, especially if you have a family.

Conclusion

Life insurance is incredibly important. I stress this point even more if you have a family with people who count on you for support.

Consider each of the points illustrated above and choose the best form of insurance for your personal situation.

Life insurance product features and availability vary by state. Restrictions and limitations may apply. For federal income tax purposes, life insurance death benefits generally pay income tax-free to beneficiaries pursuant to IRC Sec. 101(a)(1). In certain situations, however, life insurance death benefits may be partially or wholly taxable. Please consult a financial professional for additional information. All guarantees are based on the claims-paying ability of the insuring company.

To learn more about life insurance and to view our disclosures, visit our site > www.crgfinancialservices.com.

 

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Everything You Need to Know to Set Up Your Own Emergency Fund

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How many of you have had an unplanned expense recently? How much was it $500? $1,000?

Unplanned expenses are anything but, unplanned. Sure, we don’t know when they will occur, but they will occur.

Being able to “plan” for those expenses will save you a lot of grief, and will probably save you money.

If you don’t have a rainy day fund, how do you pay for an unexpected expense? Your credit card?

Having an emergency fund has many benefits, and having one set up can make a big difference in your life. But how do you save for emergencies? What characteristics does an emergency fund have? And when should you use it?

What is an emergency fund?

It’s exactly how it sounds. It’s an account, usually a savings account or a money market account, that you designate for emergencies.

You set this up to “plan” for unexpected expenses. For example, you set aside money for the future in case your car breaks down or your furnace stops working.

Why do you need one?

The emergency fund is designed to save your monthly budget. Unexpected expenses can be expensive and can do significant damage to one’s monthly budget.

If you have money set aside for a rainy day and something unexpected happens, you can use the money from your emergency fund to pay for that expense. Your monthly budget isn’t affected at all.

What are the characteristics of an emergency fund?

There aren’t really many characteristics of an emergency fund. Here’s essentially what you need:

  1. You need an account separate from your checking account.
  2. This separate account needs to be easily accessible and liquid.1
  3. You should have 3-6 months worth of expenses saved in this account.
  4. You can have too much.
    1. Having 3-6 months, or even a year is fine, but anything else should be saved and invested for your retirement. (Savings accounts earn next to nothing in interest)

What strategies can you implement to save for an emergency?

There are many things you can do to save money for your emergency fund.

  1. Create a budget
    1. List your income
    2. List your necessary expenses (housing, transportation, food, etc.)
    3. List your discretionary spending (fun money)(keep this to a minimum)
    4. Compare income to expenses and adjust as necessary
  2. Reduce your expenses
    1. Cut the cable, use subscriptions instead
    2. Eat out less, or don’t eat out at all
    3. Rent movies, TV shows, and books from the library
    4. Walk or ride your bike instead of driving (when applicable)
    5. Control your utilities (open windows during summer, layer up during winter)
  3. Automate your savings – Set up automatic transfers from your checking to your savings. Have it take place at the first of the month or every Monday. If this happens first, you can’t spend it away.

When should you use it?

You should use your emergency fund whenever you have an unexpected expense that could disrupt your monthly budget.

Here’s a small list of examples:

  • Car repairs
  • Home repairs
  • Emergency, short-notice flights
  • Life expenses post-job loss

When shouldn’t you use it?

Your emergency fund shouldn’t be used on large once per year costs like:

  • Property taxes
  • Owed taxes
  • Holiday spending

Conclusion

Unplanned expenses can wreak a person’s monthly budget. It helps and makes a dramatic difference to have money set aside for a rainy day.

Besides the financial aspect of having an emergency fund, you also have a psychological benefit. Peace of mind knowing that you have money available if a large expense were to come into your life.

For more information about emergency funds and for our disclosures go to www.crgfinancialservices.com

If reading this blog post makes you want to try your hand at blogging, we have good news for you; you can do exactly that on Saving Advice. Just click here to get started.